\(x^2+4xy-4z^2+4y^2\)
\(=x^2+4xy+4y^2-4z^2\)
\(=\left(x+2y\right)^2-4z^2\)
\(=\left(x+2y-2z\right)\left(x+2y+2z\right)\)
\(x^2+2x-15\)
\(=x^2+2x+1-16\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)^2-16\)
\(=\left(x+1-4\right)\left(x+1+4\right)\)
\(=\left(x-3\right)\left(x+5\right)\)