Khử mẫu của mỗi biểu thức lấy căn và rút gọn (nếu được)
a) \(\sqrt{\dfrac{2}{3}}\)
b) \(\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2}{5}}\) với \(x\ge0\)
c) \(\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{x}}\) với \(x>0\)
d) \(\sqrt{x^2-\dfrac{x^2}{7}}\) với \(x< 0\)
Trục căn thức ở mẫu và rút gọn (nếu được)
a) \(\dfrac{\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{2}}\)
b) \(\dfrac{26}{5-2\sqrt{3}}\)
c) \(\dfrac{2\sqrt{10}-5}{4-\sqrt{10}}\)
d) \(\dfrac{9-2\sqrt{3}}{3\sqrt{6}-2\sqrt{2}}\)
a. \(\dfrac{\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{2}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}\left(\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{3}\right)}{\sqrt{2}.\sqrt{2}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{10}-\sqrt{6}}{2}\)
b. \(\dfrac{26}{5-2\sqrt{3}}=\dfrac{26\left(5+2\sqrt{3}\right)}{\left(5+2\sqrt{3}\right)\left(5-2\sqrt{3}\right)}=\dfrac{26\left(5+2\sqrt{3}\right)}{13}=2\left(5+2\sqrt{3}\right)=10+4\sqrt{3}\)
c. \(\dfrac{2\sqrt{10}-5}{4-\sqrt{10}}=\dfrac{\left(2\sqrt{10}-5\right)\left(4+\sqrt{10}\right)}{\left(4-\sqrt{10}\right)\left(4+\sqrt{10}\right)}=\dfrac{3\sqrt{10}}{6}=\dfrac{\sqrt{10}}{2}\)
d. \(\dfrac{9-2\sqrt{3}}{3\sqrt{6}-2\sqrt{2}}=\dfrac{\left(9-2\sqrt{3}\right)\left(3\sqrt{6}+2\sqrt{2}\right)}{\left(3\sqrt{6}-2\sqrt{2}\right)\left(3\sqrt{6}+2\sqrt{2}\right)}=\dfrac{23\sqrt{6}}{46}=\dfrac{\sqrt{6}}{2}\)
Rút gọn các biểu thức :
a) \(\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{3}-1}-\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{3}+1}\)
b) \(\dfrac{5}{12\left(2\sqrt{5}+3\sqrt{2}\right)}-\dfrac{5}{12\left(2\sqrt{5}-3\sqrt{2}\right)}\)
c) \(\dfrac{5+\sqrt{5}}{5-\sqrt{5}}+\dfrac{5-\sqrt{5}}{5+\sqrt{5}}\)
d) \(\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{3+1}}-1}-\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{3+1}}+1}\)
a ) \(\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{3}-1}\) - \(\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{3}+1}\) = \(\dfrac{2\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)-2\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)}\)
= \(\dfrac{2\sqrt{3}+2-2\sqrt{3}+2}{3-1}\) = \(\dfrac{4}{2}\) = 2
b) \(\dfrac{5}{12\left(2\sqrt{5}+3\sqrt{2}\right)}\) - \(\dfrac{5}{12\left(2\sqrt{5}-3\sqrt{2}\right)}\)
= \(\dfrac{5\left(2\sqrt{5}-3\sqrt{2}\right)-5\left(2\sqrt{5}+3\sqrt{2}\right)}{12\left(2\sqrt{5}+3\sqrt{2}\right)\left(2\sqrt{5}-3\sqrt{2}\right)}\)
= \(\dfrac{10\sqrt{5}-15\sqrt{2}-10\sqrt{5}-15\sqrt{2}}{12\left(20-18\right)}\)
= \(\dfrac{-30\sqrt{2}}{24}\) = \(\dfrac{-15\sqrt{2}}{12}\) = \(\dfrac{-5\sqrt{2}}{4}\)
c) \(\dfrac{5+\sqrt{5}}{5-\sqrt{5}}\) +\(\dfrac{5-\sqrt{5}}{5+\sqrt{5}}\) = \(\dfrac{\left(5+\sqrt{5}\right)^2+\left(5-\sqrt{5}\right)^2}{\left(5-\sqrt{5}\right)\left(5+\sqrt{5}\right)}\)
= \(\dfrac{25+10\sqrt{5}+5+25-10\sqrt{5}+5}{25-5}\) = \(\dfrac{60}{20}\) = 3
Chứng minh đẳng thức :
\(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}}\) với n là số tự nhiên
Ta có: \(\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)=\left(\sqrt{n+1}\right)^2-\left(\sqrt{n}\right)^2=n+1-n=1\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}}\) với n là số tự nhiên
Xác định giá trị biểu thức sau theo cách thích hợp
\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{1}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{3}}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{1}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{3}}\\ =\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{1}\right)\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}\right)}+\dfrac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}{\left(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}\right)\left(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}\right)}+\dfrac{\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}}{\left(\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{3}\right)\left(\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}\right)}\\ =\dfrac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}}{1}=2-1=1\)
So sánh (không dùng bảng số hay máy tính bỏ túi)
\(\sqrt{2005}-\sqrt{2004}\) với \(\sqrt{2004}-\sqrt{2003}\)
Ta có
\(\sqrt{2005}-\sqrt{2004}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2005}+\sqrt{2004}}\)
và \(\sqrt{2004}-\sqrt{2003}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2004+\sqrt{2003}}}\)
Quy về so sánh
\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2005}+\sqrt{2004}}\) với \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2004}+\sqrt{2003}}\)
Khi đó ,ta thấy ngay ở biểu thức thứ nhất lớn hơn mẫu ở biểu thức thứ hai ,các số này đều dương nên suy ra
\(\sqrt{2005}-\sqrt{2004}< \sqrt{2004}-\sqrt{2003}\)
Rút gọn :
\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{4}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{5}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{6}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{7}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{7}-\sqrt{8}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{8}-\sqrt{9}}\)
\(A=-\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{4}+....-\sqrt{7}-\sqrt{8}+\sqrt{8}+\sqrt{9}\)
\(A=\sqrt{9}-\sqrt{1}=3-1=2\)
Rút gọn các biểu thức :
a) \(\dfrac{x\sqrt{x}-y\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}}\) với \(x\ge0;y\ge0;x\ne y\)
b) \(\dfrac{x-\sqrt{3x}+3}{x\sqrt{x}+3\sqrt{3}}\) với \(x\ge0\)
a) ta có : \(\dfrac{x\sqrt{x}-y\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}}=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(x+\sqrt{xy}+y\right)}{\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}}=x+\sqrt{xy}+y\)
b) ta có : \(\dfrac{x-\sqrt{3x}+3}{x\sqrt{x}+3\sqrt{3}}=\dfrac{x-\sqrt{3x}+3}{\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)\left(x-\sqrt{3x}+3\right)}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}\)
Trục căn thức ở mẫu :
a) \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}+1}\)
b) \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{3}+2}\)
a) \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}+1}\) = \(\dfrac{\sqrt{3}+1-\sqrt{2}}{\left(\sqrt{3}+1+\sqrt{2}\right)\left(\sqrt{3}+1-\sqrt{2}\right)}\)
= \(\dfrac{\sqrt{3}+1-\sqrt{2}}{\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)^2-2}=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{3}+1-\sqrt{2}\right)\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)}{2\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)}\)
= \(\dfrac{3-\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{3}-1-\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{2}}{2\left(3-1\right)}\) = \(\dfrac{2-\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{2}}{4}\)
b) \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{5}+2-\sqrt{3}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}+2+\sqrt{3}}{\left(\sqrt{5}+2\right)^2-3}\) = \(\dfrac{\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{3}+2}{4\sqrt{5}+6}\)
= \(\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{3}+2\right)\left(4\sqrt{5}-6\right)}{\left(4\sqrt{5}+6\right)\left(4\sqrt{5}-6\right)}\) = \(\dfrac{20-6\sqrt{5}+4\sqrt{15}-6\sqrt{3}+8\sqrt{5}-12}{\left(4\sqrt{5}\right)^2-36}\)
= \(\dfrac{8+2\sqrt{5}-6\sqrt{3}+4\sqrt{15}}{44}\) = \(\dfrac{2\left(4+\sqrt{5}-3\sqrt{3}+2\sqrt{15}\right)}{2\left(22\right)}\)
= \(\dfrac{4+\sqrt{5}-3\sqrt{3}+2\sqrt{15}}{22}\)
Tìm \(x\), biết :
a) \(\sqrt{2x+3}=1+\sqrt{2}\)
b) \(\sqrt{10+\sqrt{3}x}=2+\sqrt{6}\)
c) \(\sqrt{3x-2}=2-\sqrt{3}\)
d) \(\sqrt{x+1}=\sqrt{5}-3\)
a. \(\sqrt{\dfrac{2}{3}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{2.3}{3^2}}=\dfrac{1}{3}.\sqrt{6}\)
b. \(\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2}{5}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{5x^2}{5^2}}=\dfrac{x}{5}.\sqrt{5}\) (vì x \(\ge\) 0)
c. \(\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{x}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{3.x}{x^2}}=\dfrac{1}{x}.\sqrt{3x}\) (vì x > 0)
d. \(\sqrt{x^2-\dfrac{x^2}{7}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{6x^2}{7}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{6x^2.7}{7.7}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{42.x^2}{7^2}}=-\dfrac{x}{7}.\sqrt{42}\) (vì x < 0)