Ôn tập: Phương trình bâc nhất một ẩn

Giải phương trình hay sao bạn ?

a) \(2x^3-5x^2+3x=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(2x^2-5x+3\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(2x^2-2x-3x+3\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\left[2x\left(x-1\right)-3\left(x-1\right)\right]=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x-1\right)\left(2x-3\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x-1=0\\2x-3=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=1\\x=\dfrac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy .................

b) \(\left(x-3\right)^2=\left(2x+1\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+1\right)^2-\left(x-3\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+1-x+3\right)\left(2x+1+x-3\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+4\right)\left(3x-2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+4=0\\3x-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-4\\x=\dfrac{2}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy ...............

c) \(\left(3x-1\right)\left(x^2+2\right)=\left(3x-1\right)\left(7x-10\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3x-1\right)\left(x^2+2\right)-\left(3x-1\right)\left(7x-10\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3x-1\right)\left(x^2+2-7x+10\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3x-1\right)\left(x^2-7x+12\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3x-1\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x-4\right)=0\)

P/s: tới đây bn tự giải tiếp nha

\(x^2-2x+y^2-8y+17=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(y^2-8y+16\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-4\right)^2=0\)

Vì \(\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\)

\(\left(y-4\right)^2\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2=\left(y-4\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-1\right)^2=0\\\left(y-4\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=4\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy phương trình có nghiệm \(\left(x,y\right)=\left(1;4\right)\)

a) ĐKXĐ: \(x\ne\pm2\)

Ta có: \(\dfrac{x}{x+2}=\dfrac{x^2+4}{x^2-4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{x+2}=\dfrac{x^2+4}{\left(x+2\right)\left(x-2\right)}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x\left(x-2\right)}{\left(x+2\right)\left(x-2\right)}=\dfrac{x^2+4}{\left(x+2\right)\left(x-2\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow x\left(x-2\right)=x^2+4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x=x^2+4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-2x=4\Leftrightarrow x=-2\)(KTMĐK)

Vậy phương trình vô nghiệm

b) ĐKXĐ: \(x\ne3;x\ne-1\)

Ta có: \(\dfrac{x}{2x-6}+\dfrac{x}{2x+2}+\dfrac{2x}{\left(x+1\right)\left(3-x\right)}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{2\left(x-3\right)}+\dfrac{x}{2\left(x+1\right)}-\dfrac{2x}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-3\right)}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x\left(x+1\right)}{2\left(x-3\right)\left(x+1\right)}+\dfrac{x\left(x-3\right)}{2\left(x+1\right)\left(x-3\right)}-\dfrac{2.2x}{2\left(x+1\right)\left(x-3\right)}=0\)

\(\Rightarrow x\left(x+1\right)+x\left(x-3\right)-2.2x=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+x+x^2-3x-4x=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-6x=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x\left(x-3\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x-3=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\left(TMĐK\right)\\x=3\left(KTMĐK\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy phương trình có nghiệm là \(x=0\)

c) Ta có: \(\dfrac{2-x}{2017}-1=\dfrac{1-x}{2018}-\dfrac{x}{2019}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2-x}{2017}+1=\dfrac{1-x}{2018}+1-\dfrac{x}{2019}+1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2-x}{2017}+1=\left(\dfrac{1-x}{2018}+1\right)-\left(\dfrac{x}{2019}-1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2-x+2017}{2017}=\dfrac{1-x+2018}{2018}-\dfrac{x-2019}{2019}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2019-x}{2017}=\dfrac{2019-x}{2018}+\dfrac{2019-x}{2019}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2019-x}{2017}-\dfrac{2019-x}{2018}-\dfrac{2019-x}{2019}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2019-x\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2017}-\dfrac{1}{2018}-\dfrac{1}{2019}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2019-x=0\)(vì \(\dfrac{1}{2017}-\dfrac{1}{2018}-\dfrac{1}{2019}\ne0\))

\(\Leftrightarrow x=2019\)

Vậy nghiệm của phương trình là \(x=2019\)

\(A=\dfrac{1}{x^2+3x+2}+\dfrac{1}{x^2+5x+6}+\dfrac{1}{x^2+7x+12}+\dfrac{1}{x^2+9x+20}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x^2+2x+x+2}+\dfrac{1}{x^2+2x+3x+6}+\dfrac{1}{x^2+3x+4x+12}+\dfrac{1}{x^2+4x+5x+20}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(x+3\right)\left(x+4\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(x+4\right)\left(x+5\right)}\left(1\right)\)

a, ĐKXĐ của pt : ​

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1\ne0\\x+2\ne0\\x+3\ne0\\x+4\ne0\end{matrix}\right.\) và \(x+5\ne0\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ne-1\\x\ne-2\\x\ne-3\\x\ne-4\end{matrix}\right.\) và \(x\ne-5\)

b, pt(1) \(=\dfrac{1}{x+1}-\dfrac{1}{x+2}+\dfrac{1}{x+2}-\dfrac{1}{x+3}+\dfrac{1}{x+3}-\dfrac{1}{x+4}+\dfrac{1}{x+4}-\dfrac{1}{x+5}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{x+1}-\dfrac{1}{x+5}\)

\(=\dfrac{x+5-x-1}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+5\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{4}{x^2+6x+5}\)

c, Thay x = 3 vào bt trên ,có :

\(\dfrac{4}{3^2+6.3+5}=\dfrac{4}{32}=\dfrac{1}{8}\)

Vậy tại ..............

d, Để \(A=\dfrac{1}{3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{4}{x^2+6x+5}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+6x+5=12\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+6x-7=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-7x+x-7=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-7\right)\left(x+1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-7=0\\x+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=7\left(t/m\right)\\x=-1\left(kot/m\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy x = 7 thì A = 1/3

Gọi vận tốc của ca nô là x (km/h) x>0

Vận tốc xuôi dòng là: x + 2 (km/h)

Vận tốc ngược dòng là: x - 2 (km/h)

Theo đề ra ta có pt:

\(\left(x+2\right).4=\left(x-2\right).5\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4x+8=5x-10\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=18\)

Suy ra vận tốc của ca nô là 18 km/h

Quãng sông AB là: \(\left(18+2\right).4=80\) km

Phương trình bậc nhất 1 ẩn có 1 nghiệm duy nhất

a: \(\dfrac{x^2-1}{3}=2\left(x-1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)=6\left(x-1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x-5\right)=0\)

=>x=1 hoặc x=5

b: \(\dfrac{3}{x-2}+\dfrac{7}{x+2}=\dfrac{8x}{x^2-4}\)

=>3x+6+7x-4=8x

=>10x+2=8x

=>2x=-2

hay x=-1