Lời giải:
a. Áp dụng TCDTSBN:
\(\frac{x}{y}=\frac{2}{5}\Rightarrow \frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{5}=\frac{2x}{4}=\frac{y}{5}=\frac{2x-y}{4-5}=\frac{3}{-1}=-3\)
$\Rightarrow x=-3.2=-6; y=-3.5=-15$
b. Áp dụng TCDTSBN:
$\frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{3}; \frac{y}{4}=\frac{z}{7}$
$\Rightarrow \frac{x}{8}=\frac{y}{12}=\frac{z}{21}$
$=\frac{2x}{16}=\frac{y}{12}=\frac{z}{21}=\frac{2x-y+z}{16-12+21}=\frac{50}{25}=2$
$\Rightarrow x=8.2=16; y=2.12=24; z=2.21=42$
c.
$\frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{3}=\frac{z}{4}$
$\Rightarrow \frac{x^2}{4}=\frac{y^2}{9}=\frac{z^2}{16}=\frac{2z^2}{32}$
$=\frac{x^2-y^2+2z^2}{4-9+32}=\frac{108}{27}=4$
$\Rightarrow x^2=4.4=16; y^2=9.4=36; z^2=4.4=16$
Kết hợp với đkxđ suy ra:
$(x,y,z)=(4,6,4); (-4; -6; -4)$