Không mất tính tổng quát giả sử: \(A\ge B\ge C\). Khi đó \(A\ge\dfrac{\pi}{3};C\le\dfrac{\pi}{3}\)
Vì \(\dfrac{\pi}{2}\ge A\ge\dfrac{\pi}{3}\) và \(\pi\ge A+B=\pi-C\ge\dfrac{2\pi}{3}\) nên
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{\pi}{2}\ge A\ge\dfrac{\pi}{3}\\\dfrac{\pi}{2}+\dfrac{\pi}{2}\ge A+B\ge\dfrac{\pi}{3}+\dfrac{\pi}{3}\\\dfrac{\pi}{2}+\dfrac{\pi}{2}+0=A+B+C=\dfrac{\pi}{3}+\dfrac{\pi}{3}+\dfrac{\pi}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét hàm số \(f\left(x\right)=\cos x\forall x\in\left[0;\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right]\)
Ta có: \(f"\left(x\right)=-\cos x< 0\forall x\in\left[0;\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right]\) nên hàm số \(f\left(x\right)\) lõm trên đoạn \(\left[0;\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right]\). Khi đó, theo BĐT Karamata ta có:
\(f\left(\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)+f\left(\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)+f\left(0\right)\le f\left(A\right)+f\left(B\right)+f\left(C\right)\le3f\left(\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)\)
Hay \(\cos A+\cos B+\cos C\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)
