\(\frac{a^2x^3-a^2}{ax^2+ax+a}=\frac{a^2\left(x^3-1\right)}{a\left(x^2+x+1\right)}=\frac{a^2\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}{a\left(x^2+x+1\right)}=a\left(x-1\right)=ax-a\)
\(\frac{12x^2-26x-16}{4x^2+4x+1}=\frac{\left(6x-16\right)\left(2x+1\right)}{\left(2x+1\right)^2}=\frac{6x-16}{2x+1}\)
\(\frac{\left(x+a\right)^2-x^2}{2x+a}=\frac{\left(x+a+x\right)\left(x+a-x\right)}{2x+a}=\frac{\left(2x+a\right)a}{2x+a}=a\)