Lời giải:
ĐKXĐ: \(\frac{23}{5}\geq x\geq \frac{-1}{8}\)
PT \(\Leftrightarrow (\sqrt{8x+1}-3)+(\sqrt{46-10x}-6)=-x^3+5x^2+4x-8\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{8x-8}{\sqrt{8x+1}+3}-\frac{10x-10}{\sqrt{46-10x}+6}=(x-1)(-x^2+4x+8)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x-1)\left[\frac{8}{\sqrt{8x+1}+3}-\frac{10}{\sqrt{46-10x}+6}+x^2-4x-8\right]=0\)
Xét \(\frac{8}{\sqrt{8x+1}+3}-\frac{10}{\sqrt{46-10x}+6}+x^2-4x-8\). Với mọi $x$ thuộc ĐKXĐ ta có:
\(\frac{8}{\sqrt{8x+1}+3}\leq \frac{8}{3}\)
\(\frac{10}{\sqrt{46-10x}+6}>0\)
\(\frac{23}{5}\geq x\geq \frac{-1}{8}\Rightarrow 5>x>-1\Rightarrow (x+1)(x-5)< 0\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2-4x-8< -3\)
Do đó: \(\frac{8}{\sqrt{8x+1}+3}-\frac{10}{\sqrt{46-10x}+6}+x^2-4x-8< \frac{8}{3}+(-3)< 0\)
Suy ra $x-1=0\Rightarrow x=1$ là nghiệm duy nhất.
