Lời giải:
PT $(1)$ tương đương với:
$x+2\sqrt{x}+1=y+z+2\sqrt{yz}+2\sqrt{y}+2\sqrt{z}+1$
$\Leftrightarrow (\sqrt{x}+1)^2=(\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}+1)^2$
\(\left[\begin{matrix} \sqrt{x}=\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\\ \sqrt{x}=-(\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z})\end{matrix}\right.\)
Nếu $\sqrt{x}=-(\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z})$
$\Rightarrow \sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}=0\Rightarrow x=y=z=0$ (không thỏa mãn PT $(2)$)
Nếu $\sqrt{x}=\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}$
$\Rightarrow 3\sqrt{yz}=(\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z})^2-\sqrt{3z}+1$
$\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{yz}=y+z-\sqrt{3z}+1$
$\Leftrightarrow 4y+4z-4\sqrt{yz}-4\sqrt{3z}+4=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (2\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{z})^2+(\sqrt{3z}-2)^2=0$
$\Rightarrow (2\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{z})^2=(\sqrt{3z}-2)^2=0$
$\Rightarrow z=\frac{4}{3}; y=\frac{1}{3}; x=3$
