Lời giải:
a)
\(\bullet \overrightarrow{IM}=\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BM}=\frac{1}{2}(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AM})=\frac{1}{2}(\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC})\)
\(=-\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(\bullet \overrightarrow{AI}=\overrightarrow{AM}+\overrightarrow{MI}=\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}-\overrightarrow{IM}=\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}-(-\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AC})\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
b)
Để \(\overline{A,I,K}\) thì tồn tại \(m\in\mathbb{R}|\overrightarrow{AI}=m\overrightarrow{AK}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \overrightarrow{AI}=m(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BK})\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \overrightarrow{AI}=m(\overrightarrow{AB}+x\overrightarrow{BC})\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \overrightarrow{AI}=m\overrightarrow{AB}+mx(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AC})\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AC}=(m-mx)\overrightarrow{AB}+mx\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(\Rightarrow m-mx=\frac{1}{2}; mx=\frac{1}{4}\Rightarrow m=\frac{3}{4}; x=\frac{1}{3}\)
b) giả sử ta có A, I, K thẳng hàng=> ta có tỉ lệ \(\dfrac{AI}{AK}\)(1)
AK= AB+ BK
AK= AB+ xBC
AK= AB+ xBA+ x AC
AK= (1-x) AB+ xAC(2)
mà từ câu a) ta đã tìm được AI= 1/2AB+ 1/4AC(3)
từ (1), (2) và (3)=> \(\dfrac{1}{2-2x}=\dfrac{1}{4x}\)=> x=1/3