Ta có : \(P=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Rightarrow P+2=a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P+2=\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge-2\)
Vậy MinP = -2 tại a + b + c = 0 .
Dễ thấy:
\(2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\ge ab+bc+ca=1\)
\(minP=1\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\)
Cách khác:
Áp dụng BĐT BSC:
\(ab+bc+ca=1\)
\(\Rightarrow1=\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\le\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2=P^2\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge1\left(\text{Do }P>0\right)\)
\(minP=1\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\)