\(a^2+b^2+c^2=1\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2=1+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow1+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\ge-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Ta c/m: \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\) ( luôn đúng \(\forall a,b,c\))
Do đó \(ab+bc+ca\le1\)
- Áp dụng bdt Co-si, ta có:
\(a^2+b^2\ge2ab\)
\(b^2+c^2\ge2bc\)
\(c^2+a^2\ge2ca\)
=> \(2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
<=> \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)
<=> \(1\ge ab+bc+ca\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a = b = c = \(\pm\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{3}}\)
