Đề có lẽ là "Tìm maxP" chứ nhỉ?
Vì a,b là các số thực dương nên:
\(P=\dfrac{ab}{a^2+2b^2}=\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{2b}{a}}\)
Ta có \(2b\ge ab+4\Rightarrow\dfrac{2b}{a}\ge b+\dfrac{4}{a}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy ta có \(b+\dfrac{4}{a}\ge4\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{a}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2b}{a}\ge4\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{a}}\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{b}{a}-2\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{a}}+1\right)\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{a}}-1\right)^2\ge1\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{a}}-1\ge1\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b}{a}\ge4\).
Đặt \(x=\dfrac{b}{a}\Rightarrow x\ge4\). Ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{P}=2x+\dfrac{1}{x}=\left(\dfrac{x}{16}+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)+\dfrac{31x}{16}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{16}.\dfrac{1}{x}}+\dfrac{15.4}{16}=\dfrac{33}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\dfrac{4}{33}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b}{a}=4\\2b=ab+4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=4\\a=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(MaxP=\dfrac{4}{33}\).
