Đặt \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(x-1;y-1;z-1\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}0\le x;y;z\le3\\x+y+z=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: \(ab+bc+ca=\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)+\left(y-1\right)\left(z-1\right)+\left(z-1\right)\left(x-1\right)\)
\(=xy+yz+zx-2\left(x+y+z\right)+3=xy+yz+zx-3\)
Do \(x;y;z\ge0\Rightarrow xy+yz+zx\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow xy+yz+zx-3\ge-3\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(0;0;3\right)\) và hoán vị hay \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(-1;-1;2\right)\) và hoán vị