bài 1:
1. \(9x-15y=3(3x-5y)\)
2. \(8x^2+12x-4=4(2x^2+3x-1)\)
3. \(-5x^2-25xy+10y^2=-5(x^2+5xy-2y^2)\)
4. \(x^3-x^2y+xy^2=x(x^2-xy+y^2)\)
5. \(x^3-2x^2+2x-1=(x^3-1)-(2x^2-2x)\)
\(= (x - 1)(x^2 + x + 1) - 2x(x - 1)\)
\(= (x - 1)(x^2 + x + 1 - 2x)\)
\(= (x - 1)(x^2 - x + 1)\)
6. \(xy + 3x - 7y - 21\)
\(= (xy + 3x) - (7y + 21)\)
\(= x(y + 3) - 7(y + 3)\)
\(= (y + 3)(x - 7)\)
7. \(x^2-2x-4y^2-4y=(x^2-4y^2)-(2x+4y)\)
\(=(x-2y)(x+2y)-2(x+2y)=(x+2y)(x-2y-2)\)
8. \(x^4+x^3-4x-4=(x^4+x^3)-(4x+4)\)
\(=x^3(x+1)-4(x+1)=(x+1)(x^3-4)\)
9. \(x^2-y^2-2x-2y=(x^2-y^2)-(2x+2y)\)
\(=(x-y)(x+y)-2(x+y)=(x+y)(x-y-2)\)
10. \(64x^3+1=(4x)^3+1^3\)
\(= (4x + 1)[(4x)^2 - 4x \cdot 1 + 1^2]\)
\(= (4x + 1)(16x^2 - 4x + 1)\)
bài 2:
\(A = x^2 + xy - 5x - 5y\)
\(A = (x^2 + xy) - (5x + 5y)\)
\(A = x(x + y) - 5(x + y)\)
\(A = (x + y)(x - 5)\)
thay \(x = 15\frac{1}{5}\) và \(y = 14\frac{4}{5}\) vào A ta được:
\(A = 30 \cdot \frac{51}{5} = 6 \cdot 51 = 306\)
\(B = 3xy - 8y - 15x + 40\)
\(B = (3xy - 15x) - (8y - 40)\)
\(B = 3x(y - 5) - 8(y - 5)\)
\(B = (y - 5)(3x - 8)\)
thay x = 1999, y = 5 vào B ta được:
(5 - 5)(3*1999-8) = 0
\(C = y^3 + 4x^2y + 4xy + 8x^3 + 2xy^2\)
\(C = (8x^3 + y^3) + (4x^2y + 2xy^2) + 4xy\)
\(C = (2x + y)[(2x)^2 - 2x \cdot y + y^2] + 2xy(2x + y) + 4xy\)
\(C = (2x + y)(4x^2 - 2xy + y^2) + 2xy(2x + y) + 4xy\)
thay 2x+y=1 vào C ta được:
\(C = 1 \cdot (4x^2 - 2xy + y^2) + 2xy \cdot 1 + 4xy\)
\(C = 4x^2 - 2xy + y^2 + 2xy + 4xy\)
\(C = 4x^2 + 4xy + y^2\)
\(C=(2x+y)^2=1^2=1\)
bài 3:
a. \(x^2 - 7x + 12 = x^2 - 3x - 4x + 12\)
\(=(x^2-3x)-(4x-12)=x(x-3)-4(x-3)\)
\(= (x - 3)(x - 4)\)
b. \(x^2 - 11x + 30 = x^2 - 5x - 6x + 30\)
\(= (x^2 - 5x) - (6x - 30)\)
\(=x(x-5)-6(x-5)=(x-5)(x-6)\)
c. \(x^4 + 4y^4 = (x^2)^2 + (2y^2)^2 + 4x^2y^2 - 4x^2y^2\)
\(= [(x^2)^2 + 2 \cdot x^2 \cdot 2y^2 + (2y^2)^2] - (2xy)^2\)
\(= (x^2 + 2y^2)^2 - (2xy)^2\)
\(= (x^2 + 2y^2 - 2xy)(x^2 + 2y^2 + 2xy)\)
d. \(4x^4y^4 + 1 = (2x^2y^2)^2 + 1^2 + 4x^2y^2 - 4x^2y^2\)
\(= [(2x^2y^2)^2 + 2 \cdot 2x^2y^2 \cdot 1 + 1^2] - (2xy)^2\)
\(= (2x^2y^2 + 1)^2 - (2xy)^2\)
\(= (2x^2y^2 + 1 - 2xy)(2x^2y^2 + 1 + 2xy)\)