a) Với mọi \(x \in \mathbb{R}\) ta có \( - 1 \le cosx \le 1\)

Vậy phương trình \(cosx =  - 3\;\) vô nghiệm.

\(\begin{array}{l}b)\,\;cosx = cos{15^o}\;\\ \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}x = {15^o} + k{360^o},k \in \mathbb{Z}\\x =  - {15^o} + k{360^o},k \in \mathbb{Z}\end{array} \right.\end{array}\)

Vậy phương trình có nghiệm \(x = {15^o} + k{360^o}\) hoặc \(x =  - {15^o} + k{360^o},k \in \mathbb{Z}\).

\(\begin{array}{l}c)\;\,cos(x + \frac{\pi }{{12}}) = cos\frac{{3\pi }}{{12}}\\ \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}x + \frac{\pi }{{12}} = \frac{{3\pi }}{{12}} + k2\pi ,k \in \mathbb{Z}\\x + \frac{\pi }{{12}} =  - \frac{{3\pi }}{{12}} + k2\pi ,k \in \mathbb{Z}\end{array} \right.\\ \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}x = \frac{\pi }{6} + k2\pi ,k \in \mathbb{Z}\\x =  - \frac{\pi }{3} + k2\pi ,k \in \mathbb{Z}\end{array} \right.\end{array}\)

Vậy phương trình có nghiệm \(x = \frac{\pi }{6} + k2\pi ,\) hoặc \(x =  - \frac{\pi }{3} + k2\pi ,k \in \mathbb{Z}\).

d: cos^2x=1

=>sin^2x=0

=>sin x=0

=>x=kpi

a: =>sin 4x=cos(x+pi/6)

=>sin 4x=sin(pi/2-x-pi/6)

=>sin 4x=sin(pi/3-x)

=>4x=pi/3-x+k2pi hoặc 4x=2/3pi+x+k2pi

=>x=pi/15+k2pi/5 hoặc x=2/9pi+k2pi/3

b: =>x+pi/3=pi/6+k2pi hoặc x+pi/3=-pi/6+k2pi

=>x=-pi/2+k2pi hoặc x=-pi/6+k2pi

c: =>4x=5/12pi+k2pi hoặc 4x=-5/12pi+k2pi

=>x=5/48pi+kpi/2 hoặc x=-5/48pi+kpi/2

a.

\(\left(sin^2\dfrac{x}{2}+cos^2\dfrac{x}{2}\right)^2-2sin^2\dfrac{x}{2}cos^2\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2-\left(2sin\dfrac{x}{2}cos\dfrac{x}{2}\right)^2=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow1-sin^2x=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow cos^2x=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{\pi}{2}+k\pi\)

b.

\(\left(sin^2x+cos^2x\right)^3-3sin^2x.cos^2x\left(sin^2x+cos^2x\right)=\dfrac{7}{16}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow1-\dfrac{3}{4}\left(2sinx.cosx\right)^2=\dfrac{7}{16}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow16-12.sin^22x=7\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3-4sin^22x=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3-2\left(1-cos4x\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow cos4x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4x=\pm\dfrac{2\pi}{3}+k2\pi\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=\pm\dfrac{\pi}{6}+\dfrac{k\pi}{2}\)

c.

\(\left(sin^2x+cos^2x\right)^3-3sin^2x.cos^2x\left(sin^2x+cos^2x\right)=cos^22x+\dfrac{1}{4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow1-\dfrac{3}{4}\left(2sinx.cosx\right)^2=cos^22x+\dfrac{1}{4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3-3sin^22x=4cos^22x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3=3\left(sin^22x+cos^22x\right)+cos^22x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3=3+cos^22x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow cos2x=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{\pi}{4}+\dfrac{k\pi}{2}\)

a) cos3x =  \(cos\left(\pi-x-\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)\)

<=> cos3x = \(cos\left(\dfrac{2\pi}{3}-x\right)\)

<=> 3x = \(\dfrac{2\pi}{3}-x\) hoặc 3x = \(\dfrac{-2\pi}{3}+x\)

<=> 4x = \(\dfrac{2\pi}{3}+k2\pi\) hoặc 2x = \(\dfrac{-2\pi}{3}+k2\pi\)

<=> x = \(\dfrac{\pi}{6}+\dfrac{k\pi}{2}\) hoặc x = \(\dfrac{-\pi}{3}+k\pi\)

<=> x = \(\left\{\dfrac{\pi}{6}+\dfrac{k\pi}{2};\dfrac{-\pi}{3}+k\pi;k\in Z\right\}\)

b ) Điều kiện sinx\(\ne0;cosx\ne0\)

<=> sin2x\(\ne0\) <=> x \(\ne\dfrac{k\pi}{2}\);k\(\in Z\)

tanx + cotx =0

<=> tan²x + tanx =0

<=> tanx(tanx+1)=0

<=> tanx=0 hoặc tanx = -1

<=> x=\(k\pi\) (loại) hoặc x = \(\dfrac{-\pi}{4}+k\pi\)

Vậy x = \(\dfrac{-\pi}{4}+k\pi;k\in Z\)

a: sin 5x=sin x

=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}5x=x+k2\Omega\\5x=\Omega-x+k2\Omega\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}4x=k2\Omega\\6x=\Omega+k2\Omega\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{k\Omega}{2}\\x=\dfrac{\Omega}{6}+\dfrac{k\Omega}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

b; \(cos\left(x+\dfrac{\Omega}{3}\right)=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)

=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+\dfrac{\Omega}{3}=\dfrac{2}{3}\Omega+k2\Omega\\x+\dfrac{\Omega}{3}=-\dfrac{2}{3}\Omega+k2\Omega\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1}{3}\Omega+k2\Omega\\x=-\Omega+k2\Omega\end{matrix}\right.\)

Với \(cosx=0\) ko phải nghiệm

Với \(cosx\ne0\) chia 2 vế cho \(cos^2x\)

\(\Rightarrow tan^2x-4\sqrt{3}tanx+1=-2\left(1+tan^2x\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3tan^2x-4\sqrt{3}tanx+3=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}tanx=\sqrt{3}\\tanx=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{\pi}{3}+k\pi\\x=\dfrac{\pi}{6}+k\pi\end{matrix}\right.\)

Xét hàm số \(f\left(t\right)=t^{\cos\alpha}-t\cos\alpha\)

Ta có : \(f'\left(x\right)=\left(t^{\cos\alpha}-1\right)\cos\alpha\)

Khi đó \(f\left(3\right)=f\left(2\right)\) và \(f\left(1\right)\) khả vi liên tục trên \(\left[2;3\right]\) Theo định lí Lagrange thì tồn tại \(c\in\left[2;3\right]\) sao cho :

\(f'\left(c\right)=\frac{f\left(3\right)-f\left(2\right)}{3-2}\) hay \(\left(c^{\cos\alpha-1}-1\right)\cos\alpha\)

Từ đó suy ra :

\(\begin{cases}\cos\alpha=0\\\cos\alpha=1\end{cases}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\begin{cases}\alpha=\frac{\pi}{2}+k\pi\\\alpha=k\pi\end{cases}\) \(\left(k\in Z\right)\)

Thử lại ta thấy các giá trị này đều thỏa mãn

Vậy nghiệm của phương trình là \(x=\frac{\pi}{2}+k\pi;x=k\pi\) và \(\left(k\in Z\right)\)