Do G là trọng tâm ABC \(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{BG}=\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\)

I đối xứng B qua G \(\Rightarrow\) \(\overrightarrow{BI}=2\overrightarrow{BG}=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{3}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{BI}=\dfrac{4}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}=-\dfrac{4}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{CI}=\overrightarrow{CB}+\overrightarrow{BI}=\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{4}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{CI}=-\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

a)\(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AN}=\overrightarrow{AM}\)

b)\(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{CN}=2\overrightarrow{BA}\)

c)Có \(\overrightarrow{AB}=\overrightarrow{NC}\)=>bt trở thành \(\overrightarrow{NC}+MC+\overrightarrow{MN}=\overrightarrow{MC}-\overrightarrow{MC}=vt0\)

d)có vt BA+vt BC=vtBN

bt trở thành vtMN-vtMN=vt0

hok tốt!

Cách 1:

Gọi O là giao điểm của AC và BD.

Ta có:

\(\begin{array}{l}\overrightarrow {AG}  = \overrightarrow {AB}  + \overrightarrow {BG}  = \overrightarrow a  + \overrightarrow {BG} ;\\\overrightarrow {CG}  = \overrightarrow {CB}  + \overrightarrow {BG}  = \overrightarrow {DA}  + \overrightarrow {BG}  = - \overrightarrow b  + \overrightarrow {BG} ;\end{array}\)(*)

Lại có: \(\overrightarrow {BD} =\overrightarrow {BA}  + \overrightarrow {AD} =  - \overrightarrow a  + \overrightarrow b \).

\(\overrightarrow {BG} ,\overrightarrow {BD} \) cùng phương và \(\left| {\overrightarrow {BG} } \right| = \frac{2}{3}BO = \frac{1}{3}\left| {\overrightarrow {BD} } \right|\)

\( \Rightarrow \overrightarrow {BG}  = \frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow {BD}  = \frac{1}{3}\left( { - \overrightarrow a  + \overrightarrow b } \right)\)

Do đó (*) \( \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}\overrightarrow {AG}  = \overrightarrow a  + \overrightarrow {BG}  = \overrightarrow a  + \frac{1}{3}\left( { - \overrightarrow a  + \overrightarrow b } \right) = \frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow a  + \frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow b ;\\\overrightarrow {CG}  = -\overrightarrow b  + \overrightarrow {BG}  = -\overrightarrow b  + \frac{1}{3}\left( { - \overrightarrow a  + \overrightarrow b } \right) =  - \frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow a  - \frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow b ;\end{array} \right.\)

Vậy \(\overrightarrow {AG}  = \frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow a  + \frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow b ;\;\overrightarrow {CG}  =  - \frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow a  - \frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow b .\)

Cách 2:

Gọi AE, CF là các trung tuyến trong tam giác ABC.

Ta có: 

\(\overrightarrow {AG}  = \frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow {AE}  = \frac{2}{3}.\frac{1}{2}\left( {\overrightarrow {AB}  + \overrightarrow {AC} } \right) = \frac{2}{3}.\frac{1}{2}\left[ {\overrightarrow {AB}  + \left( {\overrightarrow {AB}  + \overrightarrow {AD} } \right)} \right] \\= \frac{1}{3}\left( {2\overrightarrow a  + \overrightarrow b } \right) = \frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow a  + \frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow b \)

\(\overrightarrow {CG}  = \frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow {CF}  = \frac{2}{3}.\frac{1}{2}\left( {\overrightarrow {CA}  + \overrightarrow {CB} } \right) = \frac{2}{3}.\frac{1}{2}\left[ {\left( {\overrightarrow {CB}  + \overrightarrow {CD} } \right) + \overrightarrow {CB} } \right] = \frac{1}{3}\left( {2\overrightarrow {CB}  + \overrightarrow {CD} } \right) = \frac{1}{3}\left( { - 2\overrightarrow {AD}  - \overrightarrow {AB} } \right) =  - \frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow a  - \frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow b \)

Vậy \(\overrightarrow {AG}  = \frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow a  + \frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow b ;\;\overrightarrow {CG}  =  - \frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow a  - \frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow b .\)

H đối xứng B qua G \(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{GH}=\overrightarrow{BG}\)

\(\overrightarrow{MH}=\overrightarrow{MG}+\overrightarrow{GH}=-\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AM}+\overrightarrow{BG}=-\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)+\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AG}\)

\(=-\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{AB}-\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{AC}-\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

\(=-\frac{5}{6}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{AC}\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m=-\frac{5}{6}\\n=\frac{1}{6}\end{matrix}\right.\)

H đối xứng B qua G \(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{BH}=2\overrightarrow{BG}=2\left(\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\right)=-\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\)

\(\overrightarrow{AH}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BH}=\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}=\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{2}{3}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}-\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}\)

\(\overrightarrow{CH}=\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{AH}=-\overrightarrow{AC}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}-\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}=-\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

\(\overrightarrow{MH}=\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{AH}=-\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}-\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}\)

\(=-\dfrac{5}{6}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

G là trung điểm BD \(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{BG}=\overrightarrow{GD}\)

Gọi M là trung điểm BC \(\Rightarrow\) GM là đường trung bình tam giác BCD

\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{GM}=\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{DC}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{DC}=\overrightarrow{AG}\)

\(\overrightarrow{AB}=\overrightarrow{AG}+\overrightarrow{GB}=\overrightarrow{AG}+\overrightarrow{DG}=\overrightarrow{AG}+\overrightarrow{DA}+\overrightarrow{AG}=2\overrightarrow{AG}-\overrightarrow{AD}=2\overrightarrow{a}-\overrightarrow{b}\)

\(\overrightarrow{AC}=\overrightarrow{AD}+\overrightarrow{DC}=\overrightarrow{AD}+\overrightarrow{AG}=\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\)

Do K đối xứng A qua G nên \(\overrightarrow{AK}=2\overrightarrow{AG}=2\left(\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

\(\Rightarrow x=y=\frac{2}{3}\Rightarrow6x+6y=8\)