ĐKXĐ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge-2\\y\ge-3\end{matrix}\right.\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x+2}=a\ge0\\\sqrt{y+3}=b\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=m\\a^2-2+b^2-3=2m-5\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=m\\a^2+b^2=2m\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+\left(m-a\right)^2=2m\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2-2m.a+m^2-2m=0\) (1)

Hệ đã cho có nghiệm khi và chỉ khi (1) có 2 nghiệm không âm

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\Delta'=m^2-2\left(m^2-2m\right)\ge0\\a_1+a_2=m\ge0\\a_1a_2=\dfrac{m^2-2m}{2}\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}0\le m\le4\\m\ge0\\\left[{}\begin{matrix}m\ge2\\m\le0\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}m=0\\2\le m\le4\end{matrix}\right.\)

a, ĐK: \(x,y\ge0\)

\(hpt\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{3\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{x+3}-\sqrt{x}}=3\\\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}=x+1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}=\sqrt{x+3}\\\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}=x+1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x+3}=x+1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x+3=x^2+2x+1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=-2\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Thay \(x=1\) vào hệ phương trình đã cho ta được \(y=1\)

Vậy pt đã cho có nghiệm \(x=y=1\)

b, \(hpt\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2=\left(y+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\\x^2+y^2=3\left(x+y\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=y\\x+y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\\x^2+y^2=3\left(x+y\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y\\x^2-3x=0\end{matrix}\right.\left(1\right)\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-1\\x^2+y^2=-3\end{matrix}\right.\left(vn\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=y=3\\x=y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy ...

c, Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+y^2=a\\xy=b\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(hpt\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+y^2+xy=7\\\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2-x^2y^2=21\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=7\\a^2-b^2=21\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=7\\a-b=3\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=5\\b=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+y^2=5\\xy=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2=9\)

\(\Rightarrow x+y=\pm3\)

TH1: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=3\\xy=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)

TH2: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-3\\xy=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-2\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\begin{cases}\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}=3\left(1\right)\\\sqrt{x+5}+\sqrt{y+3}\le m\left(2\right)\end{cases}\)

Điều kiện \(\begin{cases}x\ge0\\y\ge0\end{cases}\)

Đặt \(t=\sqrt{x}\) lúc đó (1) có dạng \(\sqrt{y=3-1}\Leftrightarrow y=\left(t^2-6t+9\right)\)

Điều kiện của t : \(2\le t\)\(\le3\)

Khi đó (2) \(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{t^2+5}+\sqrt{t^2-6t+12}\le m\)

Xét hàm số : \(f\left(t\right)=\sqrt{t^2+5}+\sqrt{t^2-6t+12}\)

- Miền xác định \(D=\left[2;3\right]\)

- Đạo hàm 

\(f'\left(t\right)=\frac{t}{\sqrt{t^2+5}}+\frac{t-3}{\sqrt{t^2-6t+12}}\)

\(f'\left(t\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\frac{t}{\sqrt{t^2+5}}=\frac{3-t}{\sqrt{t^2-6t+12}}\)

                \(\Leftrightarrow t\sqrt{t^2-6t+12}=\left(3-t\right)\sqrt{t^2+5}\)

                \(\Leftrightarrow t^4-6t^3+12t^2=t^4-6t^3+14t^2-30t+45\)

                \(\Leftrightarrow2t^2-30t+45=0\) vô nghiệm với \(x\in D\)

Mà \(f'\left(3\right)>0\Rightarrow f\left(t\right)\) đồng biến trên D do đó min \(f\left(2\right)=5\)

Để có nghiệm (x,y) thỏa mãn \(x\ge4\Leftrightarrow\) (2) có nghiệm thỏa mãn (1)

và \(x\ge4\Leftrightarrow f\left(t\right)\le m\) thỏa mãn với mọi \(2\le t\)\(\le3\)

                \(\Leftrightarrow\) min \(f\left(t\right)\le m\Leftrightarrow m\ge5\)

1) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}=5\\2\sqrt{x}+3\sqrt{y}=18\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}9\sqrt{x}-3\sqrt{y}=15\\2\sqrt{x}+3\sqrt{y}=18\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}11\sqrt{x}=33\\3\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}=5\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}=3\\\sqrt{y}=4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=9\\y=16\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy: Hệ phương trình có nghiệm duy nhất là \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=9\\y=16\end{matrix}\right.\)

2) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x+3}-2\sqrt{y+1}=2\\2\sqrt{x+3}+\sqrt{y+1}=4\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-2\sqrt{x+3}+4\sqrt{y+1}=-4\\2\sqrt{x+3}+\sqrt{y+1}=4\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5\sqrt{y+1}=0\\\sqrt{x+3}-2\sqrt{y+1}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{y+1}=0\\\sqrt{x+3}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y+1=0\\x+3=4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-1\\x=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy: Hệ phương trình có nghiệm duy nhất là \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

4. Đk: \(x,y\ge0\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y+1}=1\\\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{x+1}=1\end{matrix}\right.\left(1\right)\)

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y+1}\ge0+1=1\\\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{x+1}\ge0+1=1\end{matrix}\right.\left(2\right)\)

\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}=0,\sqrt{x+1}=1\\\sqrt{y}=0,\sqrt{y+1}=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)<tmđk>

Vậy hệ pt có nghiệm \(\left(x,y\right)=\left(0;0\right)\)

ĐK: \(x,y\ge0\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}=1\\x\sqrt{x}+y\sqrt{y}=1-3m\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}=1\\\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)\left(x+y-\sqrt{xy}\right)=1-3m\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}=1\\\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)^2-3\sqrt{xy}=1-3m\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}=1\\\sqrt{xy}=m\end{matrix}\right.\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}=a\\\sqrt{y}=b\end{matrix}\right.\left(a,b\ge0\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow a,b\) là nghiệm phương trình \(t^2-t+m=0\left(1\right)\)

Yêu cầu bài toán thỏa mãn khi phương trình \(\left(1\right)\) có nghiệm không âm

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\Delta=1-4m\ge0\\x_1+x_2\ge0\\x_1x_2\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m\le\dfrac{1}{4}\\1\ge0\\m\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow0\le m\le\dfrac{1}{4}\)

a: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{5}x-y=\sqrt{5}\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)\\2\sqrt{3}x+3\sqrt{5}y=21\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2\sqrt{15}x-2\sqrt{3}\cdot y=2\sqrt{15}\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)\\2\sqrt{15}x+15y=21\sqrt{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-2\sqrt{3}y-15y=2\sqrt{45}-2\sqrt{15}-21\sqrt{5}\\2\sqrt{3}x+3\sqrt{5}y=21\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y\left(-2\sqrt{3}-15\right)=-15\sqrt{5}-2\sqrt{15}\\2\sqrt{3}\cdot x+3\sqrt{5}\cdot y=21\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=\dfrac{15\sqrt{5}+2\sqrt{15}}{2\sqrt{3}+15}=\sqrt{5}\\2\sqrt{3}x+3\sqrt{5}\cdot y=21\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=\sqrt{5}\\2\sqrt{3}x=21-3\sqrt{5}\cdot\sqrt{5}=21-15=6\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=\sqrt{5}\\x=\dfrac{6}{2\sqrt{3}}=\sqrt{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

b: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1,7x-2y=3,8\\2,1x+5y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}8,5x-10y=19\\4,2x+10y=0,8\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}8,5x-10y+4,2x+10y=19,8\\2,1x+5y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}12,7x=19,8\\2,1x+5y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{198}{127}\\5y=0,4-2,1x=-\dfrac{365}{127}\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{198}{127}\\y=-\dfrac{73}{127}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{7x+y}=a\ge0\\\sqrt{x+y}=b\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow x-y=\dfrac{a^2-4b^2}{3}\)

Hệ trở thành:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=6\\b+\dfrac{a^2-4b^2}{3}=m\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow6-a+\dfrac{a^2-4\left(6-a\right)^2}{3}=m\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-a^2+15a-42=m\)

Với \(0\le a\le6\Rightarrow-42\le-a^2+15a-42\le12\)

\(\Rightarrow-42\le m\le12\)