Bài 4: Ôn tập chương nguyên hàm, tích phân và ứng dụng

\(\left(3x+1\right)^2=3x+1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3x+1\right)^2-\left(3x+1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3x+1\right)\left(3x+1-1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3x\left(3x+1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}3x=0\\3x+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=\dfrac{-1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=\dfrac{-1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

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Câu 2: B

Câu 3: A

1.

\(V=\pi\int\limits^1_0x^6dx=\dfrac{\pi x^7}{7}|^1_0=\dfrac{\pi}{7}\)

2.

\(F\left(x\right)=\int sin2xdx=-\dfrac{1}{2}cos2x+C\)

\(f\left(\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)=1\Leftrightarrow-\dfrac{1}{2}cos\dfrac{\pi}{2}+C=1\Rightarrow C=1\)

\(\Rightarrow F\left(x\right)=-\dfrac{1}{2}cos2x+1\Rightarrow F\left(\dfrac{\pi}{6}\right)=\dfrac{3}{4}\)

\(\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{xdx}{\left(x+2\right)^2}=\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{1}{x+2}dx-\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{2}{\left(x+2\right)^2}dx=ln\left(x+2\right)|^1_0+\dfrac{2}{x+2}|^1_0=ln3-ln2-\dfrac{1}{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=-\dfrac{1}{3}\\b=-1\\c=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

Chúc bạn học tốt

Khi gặp dạng này, ý tưởng là sẽ tìm 1 hàm u(x) sao cho:

\(\int\limits^b_a\left[f'\left(x\right)-u\left(x\right)\right]^2dx=0\) (1)

\(\Rightarrow f'\left(x\right)-u\left(x\right)=0\Rightarrow f'\left(x\right)=u\left(x\right)\)

Khai triển (1), đề cho sẵn \(\left[f'\left(x\right)\right]^2\)  nên đại lượng \(2u\left(x\right).f'\left(x\right)\) và hàm \(u\left(x\right)\) sẽ được suy ra từ việc tích phân từng phần \(\int\limits f\left(x\right)dx\). Cụ thể:

Xét \(I=\dfrac{2}{3}=\int\limits^2_0f\left(x\right)dx\)  

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=f\left(x\right)\\dv=dx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=f'\left(x\right)dx\\v=x\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow I=x.f\left(x\right)|^2_0-\int\limits^2_0xf'\left(x\right)dx=2-\int\limits^2_0xf'\left(x\right)dx\)

\(\Rightarrow\int\limits^2_0xf'\left(x\right)dx=2-\dfrac{2}{3}=\dfrac{4}{3}\) (2)

(Vậy đến đây hàm \(u\left(x\right)\) được xác định là dạng \(u\left(x\right)=k.x\)

Để tìm cụ thể giá trị k:

Từ (1) ta suy luận tiếp:

\(\int\limits^2_0\left[f'\left(x\right)-kx\right]^2dx=0\Leftrightarrow\int\limits^2_0\left[f'\left(x\right)\right]^2-2k\int\limits^2_0x.f'\left(x\right)dx+\int\limits^2_0k^2x^2dx=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2}{3}-2k.\dfrac{4}{3}+\dfrac{8}{3}k^2=0\) do \(\int\limits^2_0x^2dx=\dfrac{8}{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow k=\dfrac{1}{2}\) 

\(\Rightarrow u\left(x\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}x\) coi như xong bài toán)

Do đó ta có:

\(\int\limits^2_0\left[f'\left(x\right)\right]^2-\int\limits^2_0xf'\left(x\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}\int\limits^2_0x^2dx=\dfrac{2}{3}-\dfrac{4}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}.\dfrac{8}{3}=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\int\limits^2_0\left[f'\left(x\right)-\dfrac{1}{2}x\right]^2dx=0\)

\(\Rightarrow f'\left(x\right)-\dfrac{1}{2}x=0\)

\(\Rightarrow f'\left(x\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}x\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}x^2+C\)

Thay \(x=2\Rightarrow1=1+C\Rightarrow C=0\)

\(\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}x^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{f'\left(x\right)}{f\left(x\right)}+2x=lnx\Rightarrow\dfrac{f'\left(x\right)}{f\left(x\right)}=lnx-2x\)

Lấy nguyên hàm 2 vế:

\(\Rightarrow\int\dfrac{f'\left(x\right)}{f\left(x\right)}dx=\int\left(lnx-2x\right)dx\)

\(\Rightarrow ln\left|f\left(x\right)\right|=x\left(lnx-1\right)-x^2+C\)

Thay \(x=1\)

\(\Rightarrow ln\left|f\left(1\right)\right|=-2+C\Rightarrow C=2\)

\(\Rightarrow ln\left|f\left(x\right)\right|=x\left(lnx-1\right)-x^2+2\)

\(\Rightarrow\left|f\left(x\right)\right|=e^{x\left(lnx-1\right)-x^2+2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left|f\left(2\right)\right|\)