Trước hết ta chứng minh \(0< u_n\le1+\sqrt{2}\):
Ta thấy: \(0< u_1=2\le1+\sqrt{2}\)
Giả sử điều này đúng đến \(0< u_k\le1+\sqrt{2}\)
Ta có: \(u_{k+1}=\dfrac{3u_k+1}{u_k+1}>0\)
Lại có: \(u_{k+1}=\dfrac{3u_k+1}{u_k+1}=3-\dfrac{2}{u_k+1}\le3-\dfrac{2}{1+\sqrt{2}}\le3-1=2\le1+\sqrt{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow0< u_{k+1}\le1+\sqrt{2}\)
Theo nguyên lí quy nạp, ta được: \(0< u_n\le1+\sqrt{2}\)
Khi đó ta có:
\(u_{n+1}-u_n=\dfrac{3u_n+1}{u_n+1}-u_{n\text{}}\)
\(=\dfrac{3u_n+1-u_n^2-u_n}{u_n+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{-u_n^2+2u_n+1}{u_n+1}\)
\(=-\dfrac{\left(u_n-1-\sqrt{2}\right)\left(u_n-1+\sqrt{2}\right)}{u_n+1}\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow u_{n+1}\ge u_n\)
\(\Rightarrow\) Dãy tăng.
