\(x^3+y^3-9xy=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^3-3x^2y-3xy^2-9xy=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^3+27-3xy\left(x+y+3\right)=27\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+3\right)\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-3\left(x+y\right)+9\right]-3xy\left(x+y+3\right)-27=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+3\right)\left(x^2+2xy+y^2-3x-3y+9-3xy\right)-27=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+3\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2-3x-3y+9\right)-27=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+3\right)\left(2x^2-2xy+2y^2-6x-6y+18\right)-54=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+3\right)\left[\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2\right]=54\)
Do x, y > 0 => x + y + 3 > 3
Mà x, y nguyên dương => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3\in Z^+\\\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2\in Z^+\end{matrix}\right.\)
Và \(\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2⋮2\)
TH1: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=9\\\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2=6\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=6\\x^2-xy+y^2-3x-3y=-6\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-x\left(6-x\right)+\left(6-x\right)^2-3x-3\left(6-x\right)=-6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-6x+8=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-4\right)\left(x-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=4\left(tm\right)\Leftrightarrow y=2\left(tm\right)\\x=2\left(tm\right)\Leftrightarrow y=4\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH2: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=27\\\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=24\\x^2-xy+y^2-3x-3y=-8\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-x\left(24-x\right)+\left(24-x\right)^2-3x-3\left(24-x\right)=-8\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^2-72x+512=0\) (vô nghiệm)
KL: Vậy phương trình có tập nghiệm (x;y) = [(2;4);(4;2)]
