a/ 9(x-y)2 - 4(x+y)2
= [3(x-y)]2 - [2(x+y)]2
= (3x-3y-2x-2y)(3x-3y+2x+2y)
= (x-5y)(5x-y)
b/ x3 + 1 - x2 - x
= (x + 1)(x2 + x + 1) - x(x+1)
= (x+1)(x2 + x + 1 - x)
= (x+1)(x2 + 1)
c/ x2 - 2x - 4y2 - 4y
= (x2 - 4y2) - (2x + 4y)
= (x-2y)(x+2y) - 2(x + 2y)
= (x+2y)(x-2y -2)