\(3\left(x^4+x^2+1\right)-\left(x^2+x+1\right)^2=3[\left(x^4+2x^2+1\right)-x^2]-\left(x^2+x+1\right)^2\)\(=3[\left(x^2+1\right)^2-x^2]-\left(x^2+x+1\right)^2\)
\(=3\left(x^2-x+1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)-\left(x^2+x+1\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left(2x^2-4x+2\right)=2\left(x-1\right)^2\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)