Lời giải:
Ta có:
\(y=\frac{k\sin x+1}{\cos x+2}\Rightarrow y\cos x+2y=k\sin x+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 2y-1=k\sin x-y\cos x\)
Theo BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
\((2y-1)^2=(k\sin x-y\cos x)^2\leq (k^2+y^2)(\sin ^2x+\cos ^2x)=k^2+y^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 4y^2-4y+1\leq k^2+y^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 3y^2-4y+1\leq k^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 3(y-\frac{2}{3})^2\leq k^2+\frac{1}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{2}{3}-\sqrt{\frac{3k^2+1}{9}}\leq y\leq \frac{2}{3}+\sqrt{\frac{3k^2+1}{9}}\)
\(\Rightarrow y_{\min}=\frac{2}{3}-\sqrt{\frac{3k^2+1}{9}}\)
Để \(y_{\min}< -1\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{\frac{3k^2+1}{9}}>\frac{5}{3}\Leftrightarrow k^2>8\Leftrightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} k>2\sqrt{2}\\ k<-2\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
