f(0) ⋮ 7 => e ⋮ 7
=> g(x) = ax4 + bx3 + cx2 + dx ⋮ 7 ∀ x nguyên
g(1) = a + b + c + d ⋮ 7
g(-1) = a - b + c - d ⋮ 7
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(a+b+c+d\right)+\left(a-b+c-d\right)⋮7\\\left(a+b+c+d\right)-\left(a-b+c-d\right)⋮7\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2\left(a+c\right)⋮7\\2\left(b+d\right)⋮7\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mà 2 không chia hết cho 7 => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+c⋮7\\b+d⋮7\end{matrix}\right.\) (1)
g(2) = 16a + 8b + 4c + 2d ⋮ 7
g(-2) = 16a - 8b + 4c - 2d ⋮ 7
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(16a+8b+4c+2d\right)+\left(16a-8b+4c-2d\right)⋮7\\\left(16a+8b+4c+2d\right)-\left(16a-8b+4c-2d\right)⋮7\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}8\left(4a+c\right)⋮7\\4\left(4b+d\right)⋮7\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mà 8 và 4 không chia hết cho 7
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4a+c⋮7\\4b+d⋮7\end{matrix}\right.\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(4a+c\right)-\left(a+c\right)⋮7\\\left(4b+d\right)-\left(b+d\right)⋮7\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3a⋮7\\3b⋮7\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mà 3 không chia hết cho 7 => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a⋮7\\b⋮7\end{matrix}\right.\)
Lại có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+c⋮7\\b+d⋮7\end{matrix}\right.\) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c⋮7\\d⋮7\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy bài toán đã được chứng minh
