a) A xác định khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x>0\\\sqrt{x}-3\ne0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x>0\\\sqrt{x}\ne3\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x>0\\x\ne9\end{matrix}\right.\)
b)Với \(x>0;x\ne9\), ta có:
\(A=\frac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}-3}=\frac{\sqrt{x}-3+4}{\sqrt{x}-3}=1+\frac{4}{\sqrt{x}-3}\)
Để A đạt giá trị nguyên thì \(\frac{4}{\sqrt{x}-3}\) đạt giá trị nguyên
Hay\(4⋮\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)\)
Suy ra \(\sqrt{x}-3\inƯ\left(4\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm2;\pm4\right\}\)
TH1: \(\sqrt{x}-3=\pm1\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}-3=1\\\sqrt{x}-3=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}=4\\\sqrt{x}=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=16\\x=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH2: \(\sqrt{x}-3=\pm2\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}-3=2\\\sqrt{x}-3=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}=5\\\sqrt{x}=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=25\\x=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH3: \(\sqrt{x}-3=\pm4\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}-3=4\\\sqrt{x}-3=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}=7\\\sqrt{x}=-1\left(Loại\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow x=49\)
Vậy \(x\in\left\{1;4;16;25;49\right\}\)