Đặt \(n_{Al}=x\left(mol\right),n_{Fe}=y\left(mol\right)\). \(n_{\text{khí}}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(*\) TH1: Dùng dd H2SO4 loãng ⇒ khí là H2:
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\left(l\right)\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
x → 1,5x
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\left(l\right)\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
y → y
Lập hệ phương trình: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y=8,3\\1,5x+y=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{17}{114}\\y=\dfrac{29}{380}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=\dfrac{17}{114}\cdot27=\dfrac{153}{38}\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=\dfrac{29}{380}\cdot56=\dfrac{406}{95}\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\).
\(*\) TH2: Dùng dd H2SO4 đặc, nóng ⇒ khí là SO2:
\(2Al+6H_2SO_4\left(đ,n\right)\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3SO_2+6H_2O\)
x → 1,5x
\(2Fe+6H_2SO_4\left(đ,n\right)\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3SO_2+6H_2O\)
y → 1,5y
Lập hệ phương trình: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y=8,3\\1,5x+1,5y=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=27\cdot0,1=2,7\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=56\cdot0,1=5,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\).
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
x 1,5x 0,5x 1,5x
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
y y
=>27x+56y=8,3 và 1,5x+y=0,3
=>x=17/114; y=29/380
\(m_{Al}=\dfrac{17}{114}\cdot27=4.03\left(g\right)\)
=>\(m_{Fe}=8.3-4.03=4.27\left(g\right)\)