Ta có:
\(sin18^0=cos72^0=2cos^236^0-1\)
\(cos36^0=1-2sin^218^0\)
Đặt \(sin18^0=x\), \(x\in\left(0;1\right)\) thì ta có:
\(x=2\left(1-2x^2\right)^2-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=2\left(4x^4-4x^2+1\right)-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow8x^4-8x^2-x+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(2x+1\right)\left(x-\dfrac{-1+\sqrt{5}}{4}\right)\left(x-\dfrac{-1-\sqrt{5}}{4}\right)=0\)
Do \(x\in\left(0;1\right)\) nên \(x=\dfrac{-1+\sqrt{5}}{4}\) \(\Rightarrow S=a+b+c=-1+1+4=4\)