Lời giải:
\(\overrightarrow{JA}+2\overrightarrow{JB}+3\overrightarrow{JC}=\overrightarrow{0}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow \overrightarrow{JA}+2(\overrightarrow{JA}+\overrightarrow{AB})+3(\overrightarrow{JA}+\overrightarrow{AC})=\overrightarrow{0}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow 6\overrightarrow{JA}+2\overrightarrow{AB}+3\overrightarrow{AC}=\overrightarrow{0}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow \overrightarrow{AJ}=\frac{2\overrightarrow{AB}+3\overrightarrow{AC}}{6}=\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

Dễ thấy: \(\overrightarrow {BC}  = \overrightarrow {BA}  + \overrightarrow {AC}  =  - \overrightarrow {AB}  + \overrightarrow {AC} \)

Ta có:

 +) \(\overrightarrow {AD}  = \overrightarrow {AB}  + \overrightarrow {BD} \). Mà \(\overrightarrow {BD}  =  - \overrightarrow {DB}  =  - \frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow {BC} \)

\( \Rightarrow \overrightarrow {AD}  = \overrightarrow {AB}  + \left( { - \frac{1}{3}} \right)( - \overrightarrow {AB}  + \overrightarrow {AC} ) = \frac{4}{3}\overrightarrow {AB}  - \frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow {AC} \)

+) \(\overrightarrow {DH}  = \overrightarrow {DA}  + \overrightarrow {AH}  =  - \overrightarrow {AD}  + \overrightarrow {AH} \).

Mà \(\overrightarrow {AD}  = \frac{4}{3}\overrightarrow {AB}  - \frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow {AC} ;\;\;\overrightarrow {AH}  = \frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow {AB} .\)

\( \Rightarrow \overrightarrow {DH}  =  - \left( {\frac{4}{3}\overrightarrow {AB}  - \frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow {AC} } \right) + \frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow {AB}  =  - \frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow {AB}  + \frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow {AC} .\)

+) \(\overrightarrow {HE}  = \overrightarrow {HA}  + \overrightarrow {AE}  =  - \overrightarrow {AH}  + \overrightarrow {AE} \)

Mà \(\overrightarrow {AH}  = \frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow {AB} ;\;\overrightarrow {AE}  = \frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow {AC} \)

\( \Rightarrow \overrightarrow {HE}  =  - \frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow {AB}  + \frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow {AC} .\)

b)

Theo câu a, ta có: \(\overrightarrow {DH}  = \overrightarrow {HE}  =  - \frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow {AB}  + \frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow {AC} \)

\( \Rightarrow \) Hai vecto \(\overrightarrow {DH} ,\overrightarrow {HE} \) cùng phương.

\( \Leftrightarrow \)D, E, H thẳng hàng

\(a,\) \(\overrightarrow{IA}=2\overrightarrow{IB}-4\overrightarrow{IC}\)

\(\overrightarrow{IA}=2\overrightarrow{IB}-2\overrightarrow{IC}-2\overrightarrow{IC}=2\overrightarrow{CB}-2\overrightarrow{IC}\)

\(=2\left(\overrightarrow{AB}-\overrightarrow{AC}\right)-2\left(\overrightarrow{AC}-\overrightarrow{AI}\right)\)

\(\overrightarrow{IA}=2\overrightarrow{AB}-2\overrightarrow{AC}-2\overrightarrow{AC}+2\overrightarrow{AI}\)

\(\overrightarrow{IA}=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{4}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

\(b,\overrightarrow{IJ}=\overrightarrow{AJ}-\overrightarrow{AI}=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{IA}=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{4}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}=\dfrac{4}{3}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}-\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\left(1\right)\)

\(\overrightarrow{JG}=\overrightarrow{AG}-\overrightarrow{AJ}=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AM}-\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}\)\((\) \(\) \(M\)  \(trung\) \(điểm\) \(BC)\)

\(\overrightarrow{JG}=\dfrac{\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}}{3}-\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}=-\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}=-\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}-\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\left(2\right)\)

\(\left(1\right)\left(2\right)\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{IJ}=-4\overrightarrow{JG}\Rightarrow I,J,G\) \(thẳng\) \(hàng\)