Lời giải:

ĐKXĐ: $x>0; x\neq 4$
\(A=\frac{\sqrt{x}-2+\sqrt{x}+2}{(\sqrt{x}+2)(\sqrt{x}-2)}.\frac{\sqrt{x}-2}{\sqrt{x}}=\frac{2\sqrt{x}}{(\sqrt{x}-2)(\sqrt{x}+2)}.\frac{\sqrt{x}-2}{\sqrt{x}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{x}+2}\)

\(B=\frac{7}{3}A=\frac{14}{3(\sqrt{x}+2)}\)

Hiển nhiên $B>0$

Với $x>0; x\neq 4\Rightarrow 3(\sqrt{x}+2)\geq 6$

$\Rightarrow B=\frac{14}{3(\sqrt{x}+2)}\leq \frac{14}{6}<3$

Vậy $0< B< 3$. $B$ nguyên $\Leftrightarrow B\in\left\{1;2\right\}$

$\Leftrightarrow \frac{14}{3(\sqrt{x}+2)}\in\left\{1;2\right\}$

$\Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{\frac{64}{9}; \frac{1}{9}\right\}$ (tm)

\(\dfrac{3}{x-2}=\dfrac{-2}{x-4}\left(dk:x\ne2;x\ne4\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow3\cdot\left(x-4\right)=-2\cdot\left(x-2\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow3x-12=-2x+4\)

\(\Rightarrow3x+2x=4+12\)

\(\Rightarrow5x=16\)

\(\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{16}{5}\left(tm\right)\)

\(ĐK:x\ne2;x\ne4\\ Có:\dfrac{3}{x-2}=\dfrac{-2}{x-4}\\ \Leftrightarrow3\left(x-4\right)=-2\left(x-2\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow3x-12=-2x+4\\ \Leftrightarrow3x+2x=4+12\\ \Leftrightarrow5x=16\\ \Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{16}{5}\left(TM\right)\\ Vậy:x=\dfrac{16}{5}\)

\(5^x-2-3^2=2^4-\left(2^8x2^4-2^{10}x2^2\right)\)

\(5^x-2-3^2=2^4-\left(2^{8+4}-2^{10+2}\right)\)

\(5^x-2-3^2=2^4-\left(2^{12}-2^{12}\right)\)

\(5^x-2-3^2=2^4-0\)

\(5^x-2-3^2=2^4\)

\(5^x-2-9=16\)

\(5^x-2=16+9\)

\(5^x-2=25\)

\(5^x=25+2\)

\(5^x=27\)

Bởi vì 27 không phân tích được 1 số có số mũ là 2

\(\Rightarrow\) Không tồn tại x

\(5^{x-2}-9=16-\left(256.16-1024.4\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow5^{x-2}-9=16-\left(4096-4096\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow5^{x-2}-9=16-0\)

\(\Rightarrow5^{x-2}-9=16\)

\(\Rightarrow5^{x-2}=25\)

\(\Rightarrow x-2=25:5\)

\(\Rightarrow x-2=3\)

\(\Rightarrow x=5\)

\(5^{x-2}-3^2=2^4-\left(2^8\cdot2^4-2^{10}\cdot2^2\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow5^{x-2}-3^2=2^4-\left(2^{12}-2^{12}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow5^{x-2}-9=16-0\)

\(\Rightarrow5^{x-2}=16+9\)

\(\Rightarrow5^{x-2}=25\)

\(\Rightarrow5^{x-2}=5^2\)

\(\Rightarrow x-2=2\)

\(\Rightarrow x=2+2\)

\(\Rightarrow x=4\)

Vậy: x=4

\(\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2+3x+9\right)+x\left(x+2\right)\left(2-x\right)=1\)

\(x^3-3^3+x\left(2^2-x^2\right)=1\)

\(x^3-27+4x-x^3=1\)

\(4x-27=1\)

\(4x=28\)

\(x=7\)

Vậy x = 7

\(\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2+3x+9\right)+x\left(x+2\right)\left(2-x\right)=1\)

\(\Rightarrow x^3-3^3+x\left(2^2-x^2\right)=1\)

\(\Rightarrow x^3-27+4x-x^3=1\)

\(\Rightarrow4x-27=1\)

\(\Rightarrow4x=28\)

\(\Rightarrow x=7\)

Vậy \(x=7\)

a) \(P=\left(3-\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{x}-1}\right):\left(\dfrac{x+2}{x+\sqrt{x}-2}-\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+2}\right)\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{3\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)-3}{\sqrt{x}-1}\right):\left[\dfrac{x+2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x+2}\right)}-\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+2}\right]\)

\(=\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}-3-3}{\sqrt{x}-1}:\dfrac{x+2-\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}-6}{\sqrt{x}-1}:\dfrac{x+2-x+\sqrt{x}}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}-6}{\sqrt{x}-1}:\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}-6}{\sqrt{x}-1}:\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)

\(=\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}-6}{\sqrt{x}-1}.\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\)

\(=3\sqrt{x}-6\)

b) \(P=\dfrac{4\sqrt{x}-1}{\sqrt{x}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3\sqrt{x}-6=\dfrac{4\sqrt{x}-1}{\sqrt{x}}\)   (1)

ĐKXĐ: \(x>0\)

\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow3x-6\sqrt{x}=4\sqrt{x}-1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3x-6\sqrt{x}-4\sqrt{x}+1=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3x-10\sqrt{x}+1=0\)   (2)

Đặt \(t=\sqrt{x}\ge0\)

\(\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow3t^2-10t+1=0\)

\(\Delta'=25-4=22\)

Phương trình có hai nghiệm phân biệt:

\(t_1=\dfrac{5+\sqrt{22}}{3}\) (nhận)

\(t_2=\dfrac{5-\sqrt{22}}{3}\) (nhận)

Với \(t=\dfrac{5+\sqrt{22}}{3}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}=\dfrac{5+\sqrt{22}}{3}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{47+10\sqrt{22}}{9}\) (nhận)

Với \(t=\dfrac{5-\sqrt{22}}{3}\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}=\dfrac{5-\sqrt{22}}{3}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{47-10\sqrt{22}}{9}\) (nhận)

Vậy \(x=\dfrac{47+10\sqrt{22}}{9};x=\dfrac{47-10\sqrt{22}}{9}\) thì \(P=\dfrac{4\sqrt{x}-1}{\sqrt{x}}\)

a: \(P=\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}-3-3}{\sqrt{x}-1}:\dfrac{x+2-x+\sqrt{x}}{\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{3\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}{\sqrt{x}+2}=3\sqrt{x}-6\)

b: P=(4căn x-1)/căn x

=>3x-6căn x-4căn x+1=0

=>3x-10căn x+1=0

=>x=(47+10căn 22)/9 hoặc x=(47-10căn 22)/9

Đk: \(2\le x\le4\)

Áp dụng BĐT bunhiacopxki có:

\(P^2=\left(\sqrt{x-2}+3\sqrt{4-x}\right)^2\le\left(1+3^2\right)\left(x-2+4-x\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow P^2\le20\)\(\Leftrightarrow P\le2\sqrt{5}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\sqrt{x-2}=\dfrac{\sqrt{4-x}}{3}\) \(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{11}{5}\) (tm đk)

Có \(P^2=8\left(4-x\right)+6\sqrt{\left(x-2\right)\left(4-x\right)}+2\ge2\)\(\Rightarrow P\ge\sqrt{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=4 (tm)

\(a,\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-1}{3\sqrt{x}-1}-\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt{x}+1}+\dfrac{8\sqrt{x}}{\left(3\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(3\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\right):\left(\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}+1-3\sqrt{x}+2}{3\sqrt{x}+1}\right)\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(3\sqrt{x}+1\right)-3\sqrt{x}+1+8\sqrt{x}}{\left(3\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(3\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\right):\left(\dfrac{3}{3\sqrt{x}+1}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{3x+\sqrt{x}-3\sqrt{x}-1-3\sqrt{x}+1+8\sqrt{x}}{\left(3\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(3\sqrt{x}+1\right)}.\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}+1}{3}\)

\(=\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}+3x}{\left(3\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(3\sqrt{x}+1\right)}.\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}+1}{3}\)

\(=\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{\left(3\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(3\sqrt{x}+1\right)}.\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}+1}{3}\)

\(=\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}+1}{3\sqrt{x}-1}\)

Vậy \(P=\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}+1}{3\sqrt{x}-1}\)

\(b,\)Thay \(P=\dfrac{6}{5}\) vào pt, ta có :

\(\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}+1}{3\sqrt{x}-1}=\dfrac{6}{5}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow5\left(3\sqrt{x}+1\right)=6\left(3\sqrt{x}-1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow15\sqrt{x}+5-18\sqrt{x}+6=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-3\sqrt{x}+11=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-3\sqrt{x}=-11\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}=\dfrac{11}{3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=\left(\dfrac{11}{3}\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{121}{9}\)

Vậy \(x=\dfrac{121}{9}\) thì \(P=\dfrac{6}{5}\)