\(A=1+2+2^2+...+2^{2018}\)

\(2A=2+2^3+2^4+...+2^{2019}\)

\(A=2A-A=1-2^{2019}\)

\(B-A=2^{2019}-\left(1-2^{2019}\right)\)

\(B-A=2^{2019}-1+2^{2019}\)

\(B-A=1\)

`#3107`

\(A=1+2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{2018}\) và \(B=2^{2019}\)

Ta có:

\(A=1+2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{2018}\)

\(2A=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{2019}\)

\(2A-A=\left(2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{2019}\right)-\left(1+2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{2018}\right)\)

\(A=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{2019}-1-2-2^2-2^3-...-2^{2018}\)

\(A=2^{2019}-1\)

Vậy, \(A=2^{2019}-1\)

Ta có:

\(B-A=2^{2019}-2^{2019}+1=1\)

Vậy, `B - A = 1.`

A = 1 + 2 + 2² + 2³ + ... + 2²⁰¹⁸

2.A = 2 + 2² + 2³ + 2⁴ + ... + 2²⁰¹⁹

A = 2²⁰¹⁹ - 1

B - A = 2²⁰¹⁹ - (2²⁰¹⁹ - 1) = 1

a) P = 1 + 3 + 3² + ... + 3¹⁰¹

= (1 + 3 + 3²) + (3³ + 3⁴ + 3⁵) + ... + (3⁹⁹ + 3¹⁰⁰ + 3¹⁰¹)

= 13 + 3³.(1 + 3 + 3²) + ... + 3⁹⁹.(1 + 3 + 3²)

= 13 + 3³.13 + ... + 3⁹⁹.13

= 13.(1 + 3³ + ... + 3⁹⁹) ⋮ 13

Vậy P ⋮ 13

b) B = 1 + 2² + 2⁴ + ... + 2²⁰²⁰

= (1 + 2² + 2⁴) + (2⁶ + 2⁸ + 2¹⁰) + ... + (2²⁰¹⁶ + 2²⁰¹⁸ + 2²⁰²⁰)

= 21 + 2⁶.(1 + 2² + 2⁴) + ... + 2²⁰¹⁶.(1 + 2² + 2⁴)

= 21 + 2⁶.21 + ... + 2²⁰¹⁶.21

= 21.(1 + 2⁶ + ... + 2²⁰¹⁶) ⋮ 21

Vậy B ⋮ 21

c) A = 2 + 2² + 2³ + ... + 2²⁰

= (2 + 2² + 2³ + 2⁴) + (2⁵ + 2⁶ + 2⁷ + 2⁸) + ... + (2¹⁷ + 2¹⁸ + 2¹⁹ + 2²⁰)

= 30 + 2⁴.(2 + 2² + 2³ + 2⁴) + ... + 2¹⁶.(2 + 2² + 2³ + 2⁴)

= 30 + 2⁴.30 + ... + 2¹⁶.30

= 30.(1 + 2⁴ + ... + 2¹⁶)

= 5.6.(1 + 2⁴ + ... + 2¹⁶) ⋮ 5

Vậy A ⋮ 5

d) A = 1 + 4 + 4² + ... + 4⁹⁸

= (1 + 4 + 4²) + (4³ + 4⁴ + 4⁵) + ... + (4⁹⁷ + 4⁹⁸ + 4⁹⁹)

= 21 + 4³.(1 + 4 + 4²) + ... + 4⁹⁷.(1 + 4 + 4²)

= 21 + 4³.21 + ... + 4⁹⁷.21

= 21.(1 + 4³ + ... + 4⁹⁷) ⋮ 21

Vậy A ⋮ 21

e) A = 11⁹ + 11⁸ + 11⁷ + ... + 11 + 1

= (11⁹ + 11⁸ + 11⁷ + 11⁶ + 11⁵) + (11⁴ + 11³ + 11² + 11 + 1)

= 11⁵.(11⁴ + 11³ + 11² + 11 + 1) + 16105

= 11⁵.16105 + 16105

= 16105.(11⁵ + 1)

= 5.3221.(11⁵ + 1) ⋮ 5

Vậy A ⋮ 5

Với mọi số tự nhiên a> 1 ta có:

 \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}=\frac{2}{2\sqrt{a}}>\frac{2}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{a+1}}=2\left(\sqrt{a+1}-\sqrt{a}\right)=2\sqrt{a+1}-2\sqrt{a}\)

\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}=\frac{2}{2\sqrt{a}}< \frac{2}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{a-1}}=2\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{a-1}\right)=2\sqrt{a}-2\sqrt{a-1}\)

Áp dụng vào bài tập trên ta có:

\(S=1+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{144}}\)

\(>2\sqrt{2}-2\sqrt{1}+2\sqrt{3}-2\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{4}-2\sqrt{3}+...+2\sqrt{145}-2\sqrt{144}\)

\(=-2\sqrt{1}+2\sqrt{145}>2\left(\sqrt{145}-1\right)>2\left(\sqrt{144}-1\right)=22\)

=> S>22

\(S=1+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{144}}\)

\(< 1+2\sqrt{2}-2\sqrt{1}+2\sqrt{3}-2\sqrt{2}+...+2\sqrt{144}-2\sqrt{143}\)

\(=1-2\sqrt{1}+2\sqrt{144}=23\)

=> S<23

Vậy 22<S<23

Ta có 1/2.2<1/1.2

         1/3.3<1/2.3

         1/4.4<1/3.4

  .........................

         1/20.20<1/19.20

=>1/2.2+1/3.3+1/4.4+...+1/20.20<1/1.2+1/2.3+1/3.4+...+1/19.20

=>A<1/1-1/2+1/2-1/3+1/3-1/4+...+1/19-1/20

=>A<1/1-1/20

=>A<20/20-1/20

=>A<19/20<20/20=1

=>A<1

 Vậy A<1

\(A=\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^3}+\dfrac{1}{3^4}+...+\dfrac{1}{3^{99}}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{A}{3}=\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^3}+\dfrac{1}{3^4}+...+\dfrac{1}{3^{100}}\)

\(\Rightarrow A-\dfrac{A}{3}=\dfrac{2A}{3}=\left(\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^3}+...+\dfrac{1}{3^{99}}\right)-\left(\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^3}+\dfrac{1}{3^4}+...+\dfrac{1}{3^{100}}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2A}{3}=\left(\dfrac{1}{3^2}-\dfrac{1}{3^2}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{3^3}-\dfrac{1}{3^3}\right)+...+\left(\dfrac{1}{3^{99}}-\dfrac{1}{3^{99}}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{3^{100}}\right)=\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{3^{100}}\)

\(\Rightarrow2A=3\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{3^{100}}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\text{A}=\dfrac{1-\dfrac{1}{3^{99}}}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{2.3^{99}}< \dfrac{1}{2}\)

a) \(A=1+2+2^2+...+2^{80}\)

\(2A=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{81}\)

\(2A-A=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{81}-1-2-2^2-...-2^{80}\)

\(A=2^{81}-1\)

Nên A + 1 là:

\(A+1=2^{81}-1+1=2^{81}\)

b) \(B=1+3+3^2+...+3^{99}\)

\(3B=3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{100}\)

\(3B-B=3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{100}-1-3-3^2-...-3^{99}\)

\(2B=3^{100}-1\)

Nên 2B + 1 là:

\(2B+1=3^{100}-1+1=3^{100}\)

2) 

a) \(2^x\cdot\left(1+2+2^2+...+2^{2015}\right)+1=2^{2016}\)

Gọi:

\(A=1+2+2^2+...+2^{2015}\)

\(2A=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{2016}\)

\(A=2^{2016}-1\)

Ta có:

\(2^x\cdot\left(2^{2016}-1\right)+1=2^{2016}\)

\(\Rightarrow2^x\cdot\left(2^{2016}-1\right)=2^{2016}-1\)

\(\Rightarrow2^x=\dfrac{2^{2016}-1}{2^{2016}-1}=1\)

\(\Rightarrow2^x=2^0\)

\(\Rightarrow x=0\)

b) \(8^x-1=1+2+2^2+...+2^{2015}\)

Gọi: \(B=1+2+2^2+...+2^{2015}\)

\(2B=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{2016}\)

\(B=2^{2016}-1\)

Ta có:

\(8^x-1=2^{2016}-1\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(2^3\right)^x-1=2^{2016}-1\)

\(\Rightarrow2^{3x}-1=2^{2016}-1\)

\(\Rightarrow2^{3x}=2^{2016}\)

\(\Rightarrow3x=2016\)

\(\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{2016}{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow x=672\)

Chọn mình nhé  

Ta có:

\(A=\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+\frac{1}{23}+...+\frac{1}{40}\)

\(< \frac{1}{20}+\frac{1}{20}+\frac{1}{20}+...+\frac{1}{20}=1\) (20 p/số 1/20)

Hay A < 1.

Ta lại có:

\(A=\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+\frac{1}{23}+...+\frac{1}{40}\)

\(>\frac{1}{40}+\frac{1}{40}+\frac{1}{40}+...+\frac{1}{40}=\frac{1}{2}\) (20 p/số 1/40)

Hay A > 1

Vậy \(\frac{1}{2}< A< 1\)

A=1/21+1/22+1/23+...+1/40(có 20 phân số)

A>1/40+1/40+1/40+...+1/40(có 20 phân số)

A>20/40=1/2(1)

A=1/21+1/22+1/23+...+1/40(có 20 phân số)

A<1/20+1/20+1/20+...+1/20(có 20 phân số)

A<20/20=1(2)

Từ (1) và (2)=>1/2<A<1

Chờ tí mình làm cho

\(1,Y=\left(1+3+3^2\right)+\left(3^3+3^4+3^5\right)+...+\left(3^{96}+3^{97}+3^{98}\right)\\ Y=\left(1+3+3^2\right)\left(1+3^3+...+3^{96}\right)\\ Y=13\left(1+3^3+...+3^{96}\right)⋮13\\ 2,A=\left(1+3\right)+\left(3^2+3^3\right)+...+\left(3^{2018}+3^{2019}\right)\\ A=\left(1+3\right)\left(1+3^2+...+3^{2019}\right)\\ A=4\left(1+3^2+...+3^{2019}\right)⋮4\\ 3,\Leftrightarrow2\left(x+4\right)=60\Leftrightarrow x+4=30\Leftrightarrow x=36\)