a.

ĐKXĐ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge2\\y\ge3\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3\sqrt{x-2}+3\sqrt{y-3}=9\\2\sqrt{x-2}-3\sqrt{y-3}=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3\sqrt{x-2}+3\sqrt{y-3}=9\\5\sqrt{x-2}=5\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3\sqrt{x-2}+3\sqrt{y-3}=9\\\sqrt{x-2}=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-2}=1\\\sqrt{y-3}=2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\y=7\end{matrix}\right.\)

b.

ĐKXĐ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ne-1\\y\ne-4\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{15x}{x+1}+\dfrac{10}{y+4}=20\\\dfrac{4x}{x+1}-\dfrac{10}{y+4}=8\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{15x}{x+1}+\dfrac{10}{y+4}=20\\\dfrac{19x}{x+1}=28\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{x+1}=\dfrac{28}{19}\\\dfrac{1}{y+4}=-\dfrac{4}{19}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}19x=28x+28\\4y+16=-19\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{28}{9}\\y=-\dfrac{35}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)

a) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{2}x-y=3\\x+\sqrt{2}y=\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{2}x-y=3\\\sqrt{2}x+2y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-3y=1\\x+\sqrt{2}y=\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-\dfrac{1}{3}\\x=\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{2}y\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-\dfrac{1}{3}\\x=\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{2}\cdot\dfrac{-1}{3}=\dfrac{4\sqrt{2}}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy: Hệ phương trình có nghiệm duy nhất là \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{4\sqrt{2}}{3}\\y=-\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{2}-2y=\dfrac{3}{4}\\2x+\dfrac{y}{3}=-\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-8y=3\\2x+\dfrac{1}{3}y=-\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-\dfrac{25}{3}y=\dfrac{10}{3}\\2x-8y=3\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-\dfrac{2}{5}\\2x=3+8y=3+8\cdot\dfrac{-2}{5}=-\dfrac{1}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)

hay \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{1}{10}\\y=-\dfrac{2}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy: Hệ phương trình có nghiệm duy nhất là \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{1}{10}\\y=-\dfrac{2}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)

c) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2x-3y}{4}-\dfrac{x+y-1}{5}=2x-y-1\\\dfrac{x+y-1}{3}+\dfrac{4x-y-2}{4}=\dfrac{2x-y-3}{6}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{5\left(2x-3y\right)}{20}-\dfrac{4\left(x+y-1\right)}{20}=\dfrac{20\left(2x-y-1\right)}{20}\\\dfrac{4\left(x+y-1\right)}{12}+\dfrac{3\left(4x-y-2\right)}{12}=\dfrac{2\left(2x-y-3\right)}{12}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}10x-15y-4x-4y+4=40x-20y-20\\4x+4y-4+12x-3y-6=4x-2y-6\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}6x-19y+4-40x+20y+20=0\\16x+y-10-4x+2y+6=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-34x+y=-24\\12x+3y=4\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-102x+3y=-72\\12x+3y=4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-114x=-76\\12x+3y=4\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{2}{3}\\12\cdot\dfrac{2}{3}+3y=4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{2}{3}\\3y=4-8=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)

hay \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{2}{3}\\y=-\dfrac{4}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy: Hệ phương trình có nghiệm duy nhất là \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{2}{3}\\y=-\dfrac{4}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Đặt 1/x=a; căn(y-1)=b

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=4\\2a-b=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=-2\\b=a+4=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\\y=5\end{matrix}\right.\)

Đặt: \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{1}{x}\\b=\sqrt{y-1}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(=>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=4\\2a-b=2\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2a-2b=8\\2a-b=2\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-b=6\\a-b=4\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=-6\\a+6=4\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=-6\\a=-2\end{matrix}\right.\) Thay: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}=-2\\\sqrt{y-1}=-6\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\\y=37\end{matrix}\right.\)

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{x+y}}-\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{x-y}}=4\\\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{x+y}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x-y}}=5\end{matrix}\right.\)

Đặt: \(t=\sqrt{x+y}\) và \(k=\sqrt{x-y}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{3}{t}-\dfrac{2}{k}=4\\\dfrac{2}{t}+\dfrac{1}{k}=5\end{matrix}\right.\)

Ta lại đặt: \(a=\dfrac{1}{t}\) và \(u=\dfrac{1}{k}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3a-2u=4\\2a+u=5\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3a-2u=4\\4a+2u=10\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3a-2u=4\\7a=14\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}6-2u=4\\a=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=1\\a=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

Mà: 

\(u=1\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{k}=1\Rightarrow k=1\)

\(a=2\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{t}=2\Rightarrow t=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Ta lại có:

\(k=1\Rightarrow\sqrt{x+y}=1\)

\(t=\dfrac{1}{2}\Rightarrow\sqrt{x-y}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Ta có hệ:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-y}=1\\\sqrt{x+y}=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y=1\\x+y=\dfrac{1}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y=1\\2x=\dfrac{5}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{5}{8}-y=1\\x=\dfrac{5}{8}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-\dfrac{3}{8}\\x=\dfrac{5}{8}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy \(x-\dfrac{5}{8};y=-\dfrac{3}{8}\)

Đặt 1/căn x+y=a; 1/căn x-y=b

Theo đề, ta có hệ:

3a-2b=4 và 2a+b=5

=>a=2 và b=1

=>x+y=1/4 và x-y=1

=>x=5/8 và y=-3/8

Lời giải:

ĐK: $x,y>0$

PT$(2)\Rightarrow \frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}-x=y+\frac{1}{\sqrt{y}}>0$

$\Rightarrow 1-x\sqrt{x}>1\Rightarrow 1>x$

Quay lại PT $(1)$:

$2x^2=xy+1$

Nếu $y\geq x$ thì: $2x^2=xy+1\geq x^2+1\Leftrightarrow x^2\geq 1\Rightarrow x\geq 1$ (vô lý vì $x<1$)

$\Rightarrow 0<y<x$

Khi đóTại PT$(2)$: $x+y=\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{y}}<0$ (vô lý vì $x,y>0$)

Vậy HPT vô nghiệm

Có : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x+1}+\dfrac{2y}{y+1}=2\\2\sqrt{x+1}-\dfrac{1}{y+1}=\dfrac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

-> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2\sqrt{x+1}+\dfrac{4y}{y+1}=4\\2\sqrt{x+1}-\dfrac{1}{y+1}=\dfrac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

-> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2\sqrt{x+1}+\dfrac{4y}{y+1}-2\sqrt{x+1}+\dfrac{1}{y+1}=4-\dfrac{3}{2}\\2\sqrt{x+1}-\dfrac{1}{y+1}=\dfrac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

-> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{4y+1}{y+1}=\dfrac{5}{2}\\\sqrt{x+1}=\dfrac{\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{1}{y+1}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

-> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2.\left(4y+1\right)=5.\left(y+1\right)\\\sqrt{x+1}=\dfrac{\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{1}{y+1}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

-> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}8y+2=5y+5\\\sqrt{x+1}=\dfrac{\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{1}{y+1}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

-> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3y=3->y=1\\\sqrt{x+1}=\dfrac{\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{1}{1+1}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

-> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=1\\\sqrt{x+1}=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

-> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=1\\x=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy .........

Đặt căn x-1=a; 1/y-1=b

=>a-3b=2 và 1/3a+b=1

=>x-1=25/4; y-1=6

=>y=7; x=29/4

\(ĐK:x\ge3;y\ne-1\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{x-3}=a;a\ge0\)

      \(\dfrac{1}{y+1}=b\)

Khi đó, hpt trở thành:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3a-b=1\\a+2b=5\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}6a-2b=2\\a+2b=5\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}7a=7\\a+2b=5\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\1+2b=5\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\b=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-3}=1\\\dfrac{1}{y+1}=2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-3=1\\y+1=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\y=-\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) ( tm )

Đặt a = \(\sqrt{x-3}\) và b = \(\dfrac{1}{y+1}\) ta có hệ phương trình

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3a-b=1\\a+2b=5\end{matrix}\right.=>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=3a-1\\a+2\left(3a-1\right)=5\end{matrix}\right.=>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=3a-1\\a+6a-2=5\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(=>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=3a-1\\7a=7\end{matrix}\right.=>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=3a-1\\a=1\end{matrix}\right.=>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=2\\a=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

Thay a và b ta có

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-3}=1\\\dfrac{1}{y+1}=2\end{matrix}\right.=>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-3=1\\2\left(y+1\right)=1\end{matrix}\right.=>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\2y+2=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(=>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\y=\dfrac{-1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) Vậy hpt có nghiệm duy nhất (x;y)=(4;-1/2)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{xy+\dfrac{x-y}{x^2+y^2+1}}+\sqrt{x}=y+\sqrt{y}\left(1\right)\\\left|x-1\right|+\left|y-2\right|=1+x^2-y^2\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

ĐKXĐ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge0\\y\ge0\\xy+\dfrac{x-y}{x^2+y^2+1}\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{xy+\dfrac{x-y}{x^2+y^2+1}}-y=\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{x}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{y\left(x-y\right)+\dfrac{x-y}{x^2+y^2+1}}{\sqrt{xy+\dfrac{x-y}{x^2+y^2+1}}+y}=\dfrac{x-y}{-xy}\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left[\dfrac{y+\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2+1}}{\sqrt{xy+\dfrac{x-y}{x^2+y^2+1}}+y}+xy\right]=0\Leftrightarrow x=y\).

Thay x = y vào (2) ta có \(\left|y-1\right|+\left|y-2\right|=1\). (*)

Ta có \(\left|y-1\right|+\left|y-2\right|=\left|y-1\right|+\left|2-y\right|\ge y-1+2-y=1\).

Mà đẳng thức xảy ra ở (1) nên ta phải có \(1\le y\le2\). (TMĐK)

Vậy pt đã cho có vô số nghiệm \(x=y=k\) với \(1\le k\le2\)