a.

\(\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}=2.\left(-3\right)+\left(-1\right).4=-10\)

b.

\(\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}=2.\left(-3\right)+5.1=-1\)

\(\overrightarrow{m}=2\overrightarrow{a}+3\overrightarrow{b}-\overrightarrow{c}=2\left(3;2\right)+3\left(-4;7\right)-\left(5;0\right)=\left(2.3-3.4-5;2.2+3.7+0\right)=\left(-11;25\right)\)

\(\overrightarrow{a}=x.\overrightarrow{b}+y.\overrightarrow{c}\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3=-4x+5y\\2=7x+0.y\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{-11}{28}\\y=\dfrac{2}{7}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy \(\overrightarrow{a}=\dfrac{-11}{28}\overrightarrow{b}+\dfrac{2}{7}\overrightarrow{c}\)

Tương tự câu trên: \(\overrightarrow{c}=x.\overrightarrow{a}+y.\overrightarrow{b}\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5=3x-4y\\0=2x+7y\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{35}{29}\\y=\dfrac{-10}{29}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{c}=\dfrac{35}{29}\overrightarrow{a}-\dfrac{10}{29}\overrightarrow{b}\)

Quên còn biểu biễn b chưa làm, thôi bạn tự làm nốt, nó y hệt thôi, cứ việc bấm máy giải hệ 3s là xong

\(cos\left(\overrightarrow{a},\overrightarrow{b}\right)=\dfrac{1\cdot\left(-1\right)+\left(-2\right)\cdot\left(-3\right)}{\sqrt{1^2+2^2}\cdot\sqrt{1^2+3^2}}=\dfrac{5}{\sqrt{5}\cdot\sqrt{10}}=\dfrac{5}{\sqrt{50}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\)

a.

\(\overrightarrow{u}=2\left(2;1\right)-\left(3;4\right)=\left(1;-2\right)\)

\(\overrightarrow{v}=3\left(3;4\right)-2\left(7;2\right)=\left(-5;8\right)\)

\(\overrightarrow{w}=5\left(7;2\right)+\left(2;1\right)=\left(37;11\right)\)

b.

\(\overrightarrow{x}=2\left(2;1\right)+\left(3;4\right)-\left(7;2\right)=\left(0;4\right)\)

\(\overrightarrow{z}=2\left(2;1\right)-3\left(3;4\right)+\left(7;2\right)=\left(2;-8\right)\)

c.

\(\overrightarrow{w}+\overrightarrow{a}=\overrightarrow{b}-\overrightarrow{c}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{w}=\overrightarrow{b}-\overrightarrow{c}-\overrightarrow{a}\)

\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{w}=\left(3;4\right)-\left(7;2\right)-\left(2;1\right)=\left(-6;1\right)\)

\(m\overrightarrow{a}=m\left(-1;-2\right)=\left(-m;-2m\right)\)

\(n\overrightarrow{b}=n\left(1;-3\right)=\left(n;-3n\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m\overrightarrow{a}+n\overrightarrow{b}=\left(-m+n;-2m-3n\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-m+n=2\\-2m-3n=-4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow m-n=-2\) (đảo dấu pt đầu là ra, ko cần giải hẳn ra m; n)