a) Dễ thấy cosx = 0 không thỏa mãn phương trình đã cho nên chiaw phương trình cho cos²x ta được phương trình tương đương 2tan²x + tanx - 3 = 0.

Đặt t = tanx thì phương trình này trở thành

2t² + t - 3 = 0 ⇔ t ∈ {1 ; }.

Vậy

b) Thay 2 = 2(sin²x + cos²x), phương trình đã cho trở thành

3sin²x - 4sinxcosx + 5cos²x = 2sin²x + 2cos²x

⇔ sin²x - 4sinxcosx + 3cos²x = 0

⇔ tan²x - 4tanx + 3 = 0

⇔

⇔ x = + kπ ; x = arctan3 + kπ, k ∈ Z.

c) Thay sin2x = 2sinxcosx ; = (sin²x + cos²x) vào phương trình đã cho và rút gọn ta được phương trình tương đương

sin²x + 2sinxcosx - cos²x = 0 ⇔ tan²x + 4tanx - 5 = 0 ⇔

⇔ x = + kπ ; x = arctan(-5) + kπ, k ∈ Z.

d) 2cos²x - 3√3sin2x - 4sin²x = -4

⇔ 2cos²x - 3√3sin2x + 4 - 4sin²x = 0

⇔ 6cos²x - 6√3sinxcosx = 0 ⇔ cosx(cosx - √3sinx) = 0

⇔

1a.

Đặt \(5x+6=u\)

\(cos2u+4\sqrt{2}sinu-4=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow1-2sin^2u+4\sqrt{2}sinu-4=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2sin^2u-4\sqrt{2}sinu+3=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}sinu=\dfrac{3\sqrt{2}}{2}>1\left(loại\right)\\sinu=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow sin\left(5x+6\right)=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}5x+6=\dfrac{\pi}{4}+k2\pi\\5x+6=\dfrac{3\pi}{4}+k2\pi\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{6}{5}+\dfrac{\pi}{20}+\dfrac{k2\pi}{5}\\x=-\dfrac{6}{5}+\dfrac{3\pi}{20}+\dfrac{k2\pi}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)

1b.

Đặt \(2x+1=u\)

\(cos2u+3sinu=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow1-2sin^2u+3sinu=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2sin^2u-3sinu+1=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}sinu=1\\sinu=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}sin\left(2x+1\right)=1\\sin\left(2x+1\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x+1=\dfrac{\pi}{2}+k2\pi\\2x+1=\dfrac{\pi}{6}+k2\pi\\2x+1=\dfrac{5\pi}{6}+k2\pi\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{\pi}{4}+k\pi\\x=-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{\pi}{12}+k\pi\\x=-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{5\pi}{12}+k\pi\end{matrix}\right.\)

2a.

\(cos^2x-sin^2x+sin^2x+2cosx+1=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow cos^2x+2cosx+1=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(cosx+1\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow cosx=-1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=\pi+k2\pi\)

a) 2cos²x - 3cosx + 1 = 0 (1)

Đặt : t = cosx với điều kiện -1 \(\le t\le1\)

(1)\(\Leftrightarrow\) 2t² - 3t + 1= 0

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=1\\t=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}cosx=1\\cosx=\dfrac{1}{2}=cosx\dfrac{\pi}{3}+k2\pi\end{matrix}\right.\left(k\in Z\right)}\)

a) Đkxđ: D = R
Đặt \(cosx=t;\left|t\right|\le1\). Phương trình trở thành:m\(2t^2-3t+1=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=1\left(tm\right)\\t=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\).
Với \(t=1\) ta có \(cosx=1\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=k2\pi\).
Với \(t=\dfrac{1}{2}\) ta có \(cosx=\dfrac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{\pi}{3}+k2\pi\\x=-\dfrac{\pi}{3}+k2\pi\end{matrix}\right.\).
Vậy phương trình có 3 họ nghiệm là:
- \(x=k2\pi\);
- \(x=\dfrac{\pi}{3}+k2\pi\);
- \(x=-\dfrac{\pi}{3}+k2\pi\).

b) \(25sin^2x+12sin2x+9cos^2x=25\)
\(\Leftrightarrow25\left(sin^2-1\right)+30sinxcosx+9cos^2x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-25cos^2x+30sinxcosx+9cos^2x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-16cos^2x+30sinxcosx=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow cosx\left(-16cosx+30sinx\right)=0\).
- Th1: \(cosx=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{\pi}{2}+k\pi\).
- Th2: \(-16cosx+30sinx=0\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{sinx}{cosx}=\dfrac{-8}{15}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow tanx=\dfrac{-8}{15}\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=arctan\left(\dfrac{-8}{15}\right)+k\pi\).

a) \(\sin 2x + 1 - 2{\sin ^2}2x = 0\;\;\; \Leftrightarrow \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{\sin 2x = 1}\\{\sin 2x =  - \frac{1}{2}}\end{array}\;\;\;} \right. \Leftrightarrow \;\left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{\sin 2x = \sin \frac{\pi }{2}}\\{\sin 2x = \sin  - \frac{\pi }{6}}\end{array}} \right.\;\;\; \Leftrightarrow \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{2x = \frac{\pi }{2} + k2\pi }\\{2x =  - \frac{\pi }{6} + k2\pi }\\{2x = \pi  + \frac{\pi }{6} + k2\pi }\end{array}} \right.\;\;\)

\( \Leftrightarrow \;\left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{x = \frac{\pi }{4} + k2\pi }\\{x =  - \frac{\pi }{{12}} + k\pi }\\{x = \frac{{7\pi }}{{12}} + k\pi }\end{array}} \right.\;\;\left( {k \in \mathbb{Z}} \right)\)

b) \(\cos 3x =  - \cos 7x\; \Leftrightarrow \cos 3x + \cos 7x = 0\;\; \Leftrightarrow 2\cos 5x\cos 2x = 0\;\; \Leftrightarrow \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{\cos 5x = 0}\\{\cos 2x = 0\;}\end{array}} \right.\;\;\)

\( \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}\cos 5x = \cos \frac{\pi }{2}\\\cos 2x = \cos \frac{\pi }{2}\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}5x = \frac{\pi }{2} + k2\pi \\5x =  - \frac{\pi }{2} + k2\pi \\2x = \frac{\pi }{2} + k2\pi \\2x =  - \frac{\pi }{2} + k2\pi \end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}x = \frac{\pi }{{10}} + \frac{{k2\pi }}{5}\\x =  - \frac{\pi }{{10}} + \frac{{k2\pi }}{5}\\x = \frac{\pi }{4} + k\pi \\x =  - \frac{\pi }{4} + k\pi \end{array} \right.;k \in Z\)