Unit 6: Gender Equality - Hỏi đáp

nêú cho 1 bạn nói tốt nhất đồng tình với quan điểm, còn để 2 bạn kia phản bác thì có được không nhỉ?

Advantages of being a working mother

Mothers should be greatly encouraged to work outside the home.

First, working mothers contribute to household income.

1. b. They help their husbands pay household expenses and satisfy their children's growing needs. Life is getting more and more expensive, so women's salaries are becoming important to their household budgets.

Second, working mothers are good educators for their children.

2. c. Experiences at work widen their knowledge and gradually mature them. Through working they discover their strengths and weaknesses, become more knowledgeable and can find good ways to educate their children.

Finally, working mothers set good examples for their children.

3. a. When children see how their parents work hard to support the families and share domestic responsibilities they will learn from them. Such family values as hard work, responsibilities and love are likely to pass down from generation to generation.

Clearly, mothers should be strongly supported to work outside the home.

Bê nhá bạn!

It would be challenging to broach this topic without first talking about gender stereotypes. Stereotypes are human, normal, and useful. They are mental shortcuts that help us make sense of our world. We use them all the time and they do not always lead us to make inaccurate judgments about people and situations. However, when it comes to gender, our society has some well-defined stereotypes about men and women and their traits and skills, especially in the workplace. For example, it is believed that men are callous and often too proud to ask for help and women are overly dramatic and emotional. Those underlying stereotypical beliefs interfere with our expectations of the genders in different contexts. When it comes to leadership, male behavior is often more in line with what is expected of a strong leader (see “Think Manager-Think Male”, Schein (1973, 2007)) while women are expected to be warm and caring and thought to be unwilling to make difficult decisions. How true are these stereotypes?

Do gender differences exist when it comes to being an effective leader?

To answer this question, we first must ask ourselves what makes an effective leader – regardless of gender. What behaviors, traits, and characteristics are valued in a strong leader? A common model used to understand leadership breaks leadership behaviors down into two large categories – people and results. Blake and Mouton (1964) established a managerial leadership grid which places leaders into quadrants depending on how much emphasis they place on people and results separately. A highly dynamic, charismatic, transformational, and effective leader is high on people and results. Within these larger categories are key leadership competencies such as coaching, motivating, and openness in the people grouping, and performance management, analysis, and accountability in the results grouping. If one were to apply gender stereotypes to this model, it might be hypothesized that women leaders would be more effective in the people competencies and men would be more effective in the results competencies.

Related: The Top 5 Skills of Effective Leaders

Let's consult the research

As you can imagine, researchers have wanted to know if this is true. Studies have examined how men and women are rated on leadership performance across these competencies. A study conducted on over 7,000 leaders using 360 performance data to explore gender differences on 16 leadership competencies found that women were rated significantly higher than men on 12 of the 16 competencies (Zenger & Folkman, 2012). These competencies represented both people and results categories. Men were rated higher on strategy development. No differences were seen for technical expertise, innovation, or connecting to the outside world. These results are promising for women leaders who are often seen as less competent and effective, but it is just one study.

In 2014, a group of researchers conducted a meta-analysis on gender and leadership effectiveness. They pulled together 95 studies to identify consistent trends in the relationships across research that spanned 49 years. They reviewed self and other ratings of performance effectiveness and found that overall, there are no strong significant differences between the genders on leadership effectiveness. When they broke down the data and looked at moderating variables, they did find some interesting differences:

• Women are being viewed as more effective in recent years as compared to decades ago.

• Men were rated as more effective in male-dominated organizations (e.g., government).

• Men rated themselves higher in self-report measures than women across the board.

• Women were rated as more effective in middle management roles.

• Women were rated as more effective by others (not self) across the board.

Select International conducts leadership assessments across levels and industries. We looked at our own leadership assessment data and drew a similar conclusion. When it comes to effectiveness, there are no strong gender differences. Men and women are rated equally effective in leadership competencies.

Lastly, the American Psychological Association published an article, Men and Women: No Big Difference, stating the same conclusion: “Studies show that one's ***** has little or no bearing on personality, cognition and leadership.”

Okay, so what does this mean? This is good news! The research points to the conclusion that men and women can both be effective leaders. There isn’t anything about gender that makes one leader better than another. If this is true, then why are there fewer women leaders, especially at the top of the organization? In future blogs we will examine some of the theories around why women are not represented in the upper echelons of the organization and discuss the research around them.

(It only used for refer).

số liệu đây ạ

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ký hiệu (cạnh tên): A là nam; u là nữ

đây là bài mẫu của ý 1 và 2 ạ. ý 3, 4, 5 làm giống vậy ạ

1.Hello everyone, today I and my friends will present their topic. It about " How many boys and girls there are in my class and my school " .First according to the statistics we gathered in class I had thirty girls and thirteen boys. As you can see the girls are always more than the boys, but when interviewing all the boys in the class, you said that many girls will learn how to respect women, always how to I have to be really helpful to girls, we call it gallant and they also feel happy because they see beautiful girls every day without having to go far. Second, In my school have four hundred and fifteen males and five hundred and ninety-eight females. I think my school is the king of beauty because the girls in the school are very pretty and my group revealed that many of them don't have boyfriends. 2.In my school, there are 11 class leaders are male and 7 class leaders are girls. I think the male teachers choose male class leaders because they are very strong in their words, always assemble the class very punctually, ... Girls can do that but girls can confide in having friends. something in the class has a problem. Generally boys or girls can do it but the experienced teachers still do not think that boys are always class leaders better than girls but keep voting boys to be the leader without giving girls a chance to express yourself.

D

Everybody agrees that no more staff ________.

A. should employ ​ B. should not be employed ​ C. will not be employed ​ D. will he employed

#Maymay#

~ Study Well ~

A. Heavy

D

B

B.don't have to

Mothers should be strongly discouraged from working outside the home.

First, women have traditional roles as housewives and housekeepers. They should stay home, doing housework and looking after their husbands and children. In extendec I families where more than two generations live together, women are also the main care­givers for elderly people.

Secondly, working mothers do not have enough time. Men’s work finish at the office, bu: women’s work is extended to their households. After an eight-hour working day, these exhausted women have to do household chores, take care of their husbands and children without having time to relax.

Finally, working mothers can not be good workers. Tiring and boring chores at home negatively affect women’s tasks in their working place. They can not concentrate or work effectively as those who do not have to worry about taking kids to school, picking them up after school and doing housework.

Clearly, mothers should not be encouraged to work outside the home.

~~~Learn Well Nguyễn Gia Bích~~~

1. Incorrect : to be => be

2. Correct

3. Correct

4. Correct

5. Correct

6. Correct

7. Incorrect : may => bỏ đi

1. If the river floods, the village might be destroyed by the water.

3. A coin can be used as a screwdriver, if you haven't got one.

5. The books from the library should not be kept longer than a month

đề ?