a) \(\left(4x-1\right)^2-\left(3x+2\right)\left(3x-2\right)=\left(7x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)+\left(2x+1\right)^2-\left(4x^2+7\right)\)(1)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(16x^2-8x+1\right)-\left(9x^2-4\right)=\left(7x^2+14x-x-2\right)+\left(4x^2+4x+1\right)-\left(4x^2+7\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow16x^2-8x+1-9x^2+4=7x^2+13x-2+4x^2+4x+1-4x^2-7\)
\(\Leftrightarrow7x^2-8x+5=7x^2+17x-8\)
\(\Leftrightarrow7x^2-8x-7x^2-17x=-8-5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-25x=-13\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{13}{25}\)
Vậy tập nghiệm phương trình (1) là \(S=\left\{\dfrac{13}{25}\right\}\)