Cho tam giác ABC
a) CM: \(\left(p-a\right)\left(p-b\right)\left(p-c\right)< \dfrac{1}{8}abc\)
b) \(\dfrac{r}{R}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\) ( trong đó r là bán kính đg tròn nội tiếp, R là bk đg tròn ngoại tiếp)
c) \(\dfrac{a}{m_a}+\dfrac{b}{m_b}+\dfrac{c}{m_c}\ge2\sqrt{3}\) trong đó ma,mb,mc là đg trung tuyến hạ từ các đỉnh
d) Gọi la là độ dài đg phân giác xuất phát từ đỉnh A. CM
\(l_a^2=\dfrac{4bc}{\left(b+c\right)^2}p\left(p-a\right)\)
Cm: \(b+c\ge\dfrac{a}{2}+\sqrt{3}l_a\)
a, Áp dụng BĐT Cosi:
\(\sqrt{\left(p-a\right)\left(p-b\right)}\le\dfrac{p-a+p-b}{2}=\dfrac{c}{2}\)
\(\sqrt{\left(p-b\right)\left(p-c\right)}\le\dfrac{p-b+p-c}{2}=\dfrac{a}{2}\)
\(\sqrt{\left(p-c\right)\left(p-a\right)}\le\dfrac{p-c+p-a}{2}=\dfrac{b}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(p-a\right)\left(p-b\right)\left(p-c\right)\le\dfrac{1}{8}abc\)
b, \(\dfrac{r}{R}=\dfrac{\dfrac{S_{ABC}}{p}}{\dfrac{abc}{4S_{ABC}}}\)
\(=\dfrac{4S_{ABC}^2}{p.abc}=\dfrac{4.p\left(p-a\right)\left(p-b\right)\left(p-c\right)}{p.abc}\)
\(\le\dfrac{4.p.\dfrac{1}{8}abc}{p.abc}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
c, Áp dụng BĐT Cosi:
\(a.m_a=\dfrac{2\sqrt{3}}{3}.\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}a.m_a\)
\(\le\dfrac{2\sqrt{3}}{3}.\dfrac{\dfrac{3}{4}a^2+m_a^2}{2}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{3}.\left(\dfrac{3}{4}a^2+\dfrac{b^2+c^2}{2}-\dfrac{a^2}{4}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{6}\)
\(\Rightarrow a.m_a\le\dfrac{\sqrt{3}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{6};b.m_b\le\dfrac{\sqrt{3}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{6};c.m_c\le\dfrac{\sqrt{3}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{6}\)
Khi đó \(\dfrac{a}{m_a}+\dfrac{b}{m_b}+\dfrac{c}{m_c}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2}{a.m_a}+\dfrac{b^2}{b.m_b}+\dfrac{c^2}{c.m_c}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{\dfrac{\sqrt{3}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{6}}=2\sqrt{3}\)
