Thay x = 13 vào biểu thức, ta có:
\(P\left(13\right)=1+13+13^2+...+13^{100}\)
\(13P\left(13\right)=13+13^2+13^3+...+13^{101}\)
\(\Rightarrow13P\left(13\right)-P\left(13\right)=\left(13+13^2+13^3+...+13^{101}\right)-\left(1+13+13^2+...+13^{100}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow12P\left(13\right)=13^{101}-1\)
\(\Rightarrow P\left(13\right)=\dfrac{13^{101}-1}{12}\)
Ta có: 51.12 = 612
Vì 13101 đồng dư với 421 ( mod 612 )
\(\Rightarrow13^{101}=612.k+421\) ( \(k\in Z\) )
\(\Rightarrow P\left(13\right)=\dfrac{612k+421-1}{12}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\left(13\right)=\dfrac{612k+420}{12}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\left(13\right)=51k+35\)
Vậy P(13) chia cho 51 dư 35.