Question

Cho đa thức f(x) và 2 số \(a\ne b\). Biết \(f\left(x\right):x-a\) dư \(r_1\); \(f\left(x\right):x-b\) dư \(r_2\). Tìm dư f(x) chia cho \(\left(x-a\right).\left(x-b\right)\)

Answer 1

\(f\left(x\right):\left(x-a\right)\) dư r₁

\(\Leftrightarrow f\left(x\right)=\left(x-a\right)\cdot a\left(x\right)+r_1\\ \Leftrightarrow f\left(a\right)=r_1\)

Vì \(\left(x-a\right)\left(x-b\right)\) là đa thức bậc 2 nên có dư bậc 1

Gọi dư của \(f\left(x\right):\left(x-a\right)\left(x-b\right)\) là \(cx+d\)

\(\Leftrightarrow f\left(x\right)=\left(x-a\right)\left(x-b\right)\cdot c\left(x\right)+cx+d\\ \Leftrightarrow f\left(a\right)=ac+d=r_1\left(1\right)\\ f\left(x\right)=\left(x-a\right)\left(x-b\right)\cdot c\left(x\right)+cx+d\\ =\left(x-a\right)\left(x-b\right)\cdot c\left(x\right)+c\left(x-b\right)+bc+d\\ =\left(x-b\right)\left[\left(x-a\right)\cdot c\left(x\right)+c\right]+bc+d\)

Vì \(f\left(x\right):\left(x-b\right)\) dư r₂ nên \(bc+d=r_2\left(2\right)\)

Từ \(\left(1\right)\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}bc+d=r_2\\ac+d=r_1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c\left(a-b\right)=r_1-r_2\\ac+d=r_1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c=\dfrac{r_1-r_2}{a-b}\\d=r_1-\dfrac{a\left(r_1-r_2\right)}{a-b}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c=\dfrac{r_1-r_2}{a-b}\\d=\dfrac{ar_2-br_1}{a-b}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy đa thức dư là \(\dfrac{r_1-r_2}{a-b}x+\dfrac{ar_2-br_1}{a-b}\)