3 câu đầu đều sử dụng BĐT: \(\frac{a^2}{x}+\frac{b^2}{y}+\frac{c^2}{z}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{x+y+z}\)
\(M=\frac{a^2}{a+1}+\frac{b^2}{b+1}+\frac{c^2}{c+1}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c+3}=\frac{9}{3+3}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(N=\frac{1^2}{a}+\frac{2^2}{b+1}+\frac{3^2}{c+2}\ge\frac{\left(1+2+3\right)^2}{a+b+c+3}=\frac{36}{6}=6\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(P=\frac{a^2}{a+b}+\frac{b^2}{b+c}+\frac{c^2}{c+a}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{a+b+c}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Câu d sử dụng BĐT \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(x+y+z\right)^2\)
\(Q\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2+a^2+b^2+c^2+2020\)
\(Q\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2\right)^2+\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2+2020=2026\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)