Exercise 10
Bài này là câu tường thuật dạng statements.
Quy tắc thường gặp:
am/is/are → was/were
will → would
can → could
do/does not → did not
did not / V2 → had not + V3 hoặc had + V3
today → that day
yesterday → the day before / the previous day
tomorrow → the next day / the following day
next Wednesday → the following Wednesday
ago → before
The boy said to the girl that he would never see her again.Chấp nhận được, nhưng tự nhiên hơn:
The boy told the girl that he would never see her again.
Giải thích:
said to someone = told someone
Trong câu tường thuật, “told the girl” tự nhiên hơn “said to the girl”.
He said to her that she was his best friend.Chấp nhận được, nhưng tự nhiên hơn:
He told her that she was his best friend.
Nếu câu trực tiếp là:
“You are my best friend,” he said to her.
Thì câu gián tiếp:
He told her that she was his best friend.
Johnny said to his mom that he didn’t know how to do that exercise.Chấp nhận được, nhưng tự nhiên hơn:
Johnny told his mom that he didn’t know how to do that exercise.
Nếu đề yêu cầu lùi thì:
don’t know → didn’t know
this exercise → that exercise
The children said that they were waiting for the school bus.Đúng.
are waiting → were waiting
Mary said that her dad had died a year before.Đúng.
died → had died
a year ago → a year before
Lưu ý:
Mary, không phải Marry nếu là tên người.
John said that he had finished studying his lesson.Câu của bạn sai.
Bạn viết:
Jonh said that he had finishing studying my lesson.
Sai ở:
Jonh → John
had finishing → had finished
my lesson → his lesson
Câu đúng:
John said that he had finished studying his lesson.
Mary said to John that she couldn’t go to the movies with him.Chấp nhận được, nhưng tự nhiên hơn:
Mary told John that she couldn’t go to the movies with him.
can’t → couldn’t
you/him thay đổi theo ngữ cảnh.
Mary said to her friend that she would expect to see him the following Wednesday.Cần xem lại câu trực tiếp.
Nếu câu trực tiếp là:
“I expect to see you next Wednesday,” Mary said.
Thì câu đúng là:
Mary told her friend that she expected to see him the following Wednesday.
Nếu câu trực tiếp là:
“I will expect to see you next Wednesday,” Mary said.
Thì câu của bạn:
Mary told her friend that she would expect to see him the following Wednesday.
có thể chấp nhận.
Tuy nhiên khả năng cao đáp án nên là:
Mary told her friend that she expected to see him the following Wednesday.
He said that he didn’t know what had happened.Câu của bạn thiếu lùi thì ở “happened”.
Bạn viết:
He said that he didn’t know what happened.
Nếu câu trực tiếp là:
“I don’t know what happened.”
Câu tường thuật chuẩn:
He said that he didn’t know what had happened.
She said that she had gone to the doctor the day before.Đúng.
went → had gone
yesterday → the day before
He said that he had a toothache.Đúng.
I have a toothache → He said that he had a toothache.
She said that she would write him a prescription.Đúng.
will write → would write
They said that they were going to the drugstore.Đúng.
are going → were going
He said that the doctor had given him some pills.Đúng.
gave → had given
She said that she went to the supermarket every day.Chấp nhận được theo kiểu lùi thì trong bài tập.
Câu trực tiếp:
“I go to the supermarket every day.”
Câu gián tiếp:
She said that she went to the supermarket every day.
Nếu sự việc vẫn còn đúng ở hiện tại, cũng có thể nói:
She said that she goes to the supermarket every day.
Nhưng trong bài ngữ pháp ở trường, đáp án “went” thường được chấp nhận hơn.
Kết luận Exercise 10:
Cần sửa rõ nhất câu 6, câu 8, câu 9.
Các câu 1, 2, 7 nên dùng told thay cho said to để tự nhiên hơn.
