II. Read the text and answer the questions.

Teenagers today are undergoing lots of changes. They are between the ages of 13 to 19. Many of them are undergoing physical and emotional changes. These are the stages in the teenagers that are unavoidable.

The teenage life is full of happiness, sadness, enjoyment and it can be interesting too. This is because in the teenage life that a teenager is subjected to physical growth, hormonal changes and even dilemmas. They may be in a stage of conflict like undergoing puppy love. This is only a normal part of life.

Making friends is part and parcel of a teenager's life. The teenager should enjoy life by making friends with peers and participate in healthy activities such as camping, picnic, kayaking, swimming and so on. Through friends, a teenager learns to joke, laugh and play to release stress and tension. By making friends, the teenager learns to sweeten his or her joys and even eases the bitterness of life's downtime.

Many teenagers are very conscious of their physical outlook. It is at this part of their life that beauty strikes as the main self-image. They love to follow up with the latest trends for dressing, hairstyle and even look good with their physical image. Some girls and boys go on a crash diet to slim down in order to look attractive. Others may suffer from acne and pimples that may scar their external beauty.

Another stage in a teenager is the teenager's love life. There are chemical changes in the body and so the teenager tends to have a sense of feelings for the opposite sex. They will experience love and rejection. These sometimes will affect their studies.

Parents tend to play a role in a teenager's life. Parents today are overly concern over their children's well-being. They like to control their freedom and have a say what the teenagers do. Hence, we have cases of disagreements, disputes, quarrels and even runaways from homes among some teenage girls.

There are also negative problems that may pop out during a teenage life. A teenager is not well guided may fall into the wrong path. Some teenagers are involved in drugs trafflicking, smoking, drinking and smuggling of illegal products into the country. Others tend to vent their anger by vandalizing public property. We have those with no regard and respect for the elders.

The mass media has an influence over the lives of many teenagers. Violent action movies, obscene shows and pornography surfed from the Internet can bring a disastrous effect on a teenager's life. There will be more harm than good if nothing is done.

1.         From paragraph 1

(a) What is the age range of a teenager?

(b) What are the changes that a teenager undergoes?

2.         From paragraph 2

(a) Why is it that a teenage life is full of ups and downs?

(b) What kind of conflict does a teenage face?

3.         From paragraph 3

            List activities that a teenager can get involved in.

4.         From paragraph 4

            What are the things that a teenager likes to keep up to date with?

5.         From paragraph 8

            State why parents are worried about their teenagers. Answer in your own words.

IV. Complete the following sentences. Use affirmative or negative of "ought to".

1. You ______study harder to get better marks.

2. They _______ be angry. It isn't good for their health.

3. A: It's so cold.

    B: You ______put on your thick coat before going out.

4. If somebody steals your wallet, you ________tell the police.

5. You ______buy that meat. It doesn't look fresh enough.

6. She _______stay up too late at night as she may feel tired in the morning.

7. Candidates ______wear shorts and a T-shirt to a job interview.

8. It's raining. If you don't want your dress to get wet, you ________________ take an umbrella.

9. You are driving too fast. You _______slow down.

I. Rewrite the following sentences and add the available modal verbs to the appropriate position.

1. If you go swimming in the sea, you wear a life jacket. (ought to)

2. I will tell you my secret, but you tell anyone. (mustn't)

3. You spend too much time playing computer games. You stop that. (must)

4. Phuong loves chocolate, but she eat too much, or she will gain weight. (oughtn't to)

5. We wear helmets when we ride a motorbike. (have to)

6. I book the tickets in advance. (don't have to)

7. Alia, you say rude words like that. (mustn't)

8. We play table tennis. We can play chess instead. (don't have to)

9. Children put their hands into sockets. That is very dangerous. (mustn't)

10. Doctors sometimes work at the weekends and on national holidays. (have to)

III. Complete the following sentences. Use affirmative or negative of "have to".

1. Secretaries ________answer the phone. That is a part of their job.

2. Jason and Linda are on holiday. They ______ go to school today

3. He _______ come if he doesn't want to join with us.

4. You _______worry about me! I am ok now.

5. Lam ________ leave her house at 6.30 a.m. in order to get to her school at 7 a.m.

6. All the students _______obey the school rules.

7. Today she doesn't have the literature lesson, so she ________bring her literature book.

8. I _______take these books back to the school library on time or I will get a fine.

9. There is a lift in this building, so we ______climb the stairs.

10. Susan doesn't like her new job. Sometimes she _______ work at weekends.

I. Read the text and do the following task.

Types of Families

A family is a group of people that have a common ancestor. They usually live together in the same house. Although it is a fact that not all families are the same, they can be categorized into different types.

A nuclear family consists of parents and their children living together. In many countries in Europe and North American this is the most common form of family. There are three types of nuclear families. In the first type the father works and the mother cares for the children. In the second type, the mother works and the father stays at home with the children. In the third type of family, both parents work. This last type of family is the most common in the USA and Canada.

In an extended family, different family members such as grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins live together. In many areas of the world, such as Asia, the Middle East, Africa, Latin America, and Southern Europe, this type of family is common.

Recently in some countries, couples are choosing to have only one child. These types of families are called single child families. Some people believe that children raised in these kinds of families are spoilt, selfish and lonely. But research doesn't support this.

Some families have no children at all. The couples that make up these families sometimes make the choice not to have children because they want to have more free time. Some couples choose not to have children for financial reasons.

Families with only one parent are called single parent families. There are several causes of these types of families. The first reason is divorce. Another reason is that the one of the parent dies, leaving the surviving parent widowed. Additionally, some parents never get married in the first place.

When the husband or wife in a marriage brings children with them from a past marriage, this is called a blended or reconstituted family. This type of family has become more common due to the increase in divorces. For some children this kind of family can be good because there are two parents, instead of just one. But there can also be some difficulties as the two new families try to become one.

As the basis of all societies, families of all types are very important. This is true now and will be true in the future as well.

Match each description of a family on the left with a type of family on the right.

VI. Cross out the wrong part in the following sentences.

1. You don't have to/ must eat anything you don't like.

2. If you don't want to have a sore throat, you don't have to/ oughtn't to drink too much iced water.

3. Flight attendants have to/ mustn't take care of passengers on the plane.

4. During the lesson, students don't have to/ mustn't leave class without the teacher's permission.

5. Her mother cooks for her, so she herself doesn't have to/mustn't cook.

6. Smokers don't have to/ mustn't smoke in public places. This is stated in a new law.

7. Drinks are free for today. It means that you don't have to/mustn't pay money for drinks today.

8. Kelvin won the lottery last year, so he doesn't have to/mustn't work now.

9. According to the company regulations, staff have to/ must finish their work with highest efficiency.

10. To be healthy, we mustn't/ ought to eat healthful food and do the exercise regularly.