3)
a)\(\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2-2x+4\right)-x\left(x^2+2\right)=15\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3+8-x^3-2x=15\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-2x=15-8\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-2x=7\)
\(\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{-7}{2}\)
b) \(\left(x+3\right)^3-x\left(3x+1\right)^2+\left(2x+1\right)\left(4x^2\right)-5x+1=28\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3+9x^2+27x+27-9x^3-6x^2-x+8x^3-10x^2+2x+4x^2-5x+1=28\)
\(\Leftrightarrow0-3x^2+23x+28=28\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-3x^2+23x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-x\left(3x-23\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}-x=0\\3x-23=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=\dfrac{23}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) \(\left(x^2-1\right)^3-\left(x^4+x^2+1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^6-3x^4+3x^2-1-x^6-2x^4-2x^2-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-5x^4+x^2-2=0\)
Đặt \(-5t^2+t-2=0\)
\(\Delta=1^2-4\left(-5\right)\left(-2\right)=-39< 0\)
\(\Rightarrow PTVN\)