Ta có: \(AC = BD = \sqrt {A{B^2} + B{C^2}}  = \sqrt {{a^2} + {a^2}}  = a\sqrt 2 \)

+) \(AB \bot AD \Rightarrow \overrightarrow {AB}  \bot \overrightarrow {AD}  \Rightarrow \overrightarrow {AB} .\overrightarrow {AD}  = 0\)

+) \(\overrightarrow {AB} .\overrightarrow {AC}  = \left| {\overrightarrow {AB} } \right|.\left| {\overrightarrow {AC} } \right|.\cos \left( {\overrightarrow {AB} ,\overrightarrow {AC} } \right) = a.a\sqrt 2.\cos 45^\circ  = a^2\)

+) \(\overrightarrow {AC} .\overrightarrow {CB}  = \left| {\overrightarrow {AC} } \right|.\left| {\overrightarrow {CB} } \right|.\cos \left( {\overrightarrow {AC} ,\overrightarrow {CB} } \right) = a\sqrt 2 .a.\cos 135^\circ  =  - {a^2}\)

+) \(AC \bot BD \Rightarrow \overrightarrow {AC}  \bot \overrightarrow {BD}  \Rightarrow \overrightarrow {AC} .\overrightarrow {BD}  = 0\)

Chú ý

\(\overrightarrow {a}  \bot \overrightarrow {b}  \Leftrightarrow \overrightarrow {a} .\overrightarrow {b}  = 0\)

a) Ta có: \(AC = \sqrt {A{B^2} + A{D^2}}  = \sqrt {2{a^2}}  = a\sqrt 2 \)

\( \Rightarrow \overrightarrow {AB} .\overrightarrow {AC}  = a.a\sqrt 2 .\cos \widehat {BAC} = {a^2}\sqrt 2 \cos {45^o} = {a^2}.\)

b) Dễ thấy: \(AC \bot BD \Rightarrow (\overrightarrow {AC} ,\overrightarrow {BD} ) = {90^o}\)

\( \Rightarrow \overrightarrow {AC} .\overrightarrow {BD}  = AC.BD.\cos {90^o} = AC.BD.0 = 0.\)

\(AC=\sqrt{AB^2+BC^2}=a\sqrt{5}\)

\(BD=\sqrt{AD^2+AB^2}=a\sqrt{2}\)

\(\overrightarrow{AC}.\overrightarrow{BD}=\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AD}\right)\)

\(=-\overrightarrow{AB}^2+\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{AD}+\overrightarrow{BC}.\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{BC}.\overrightarrow{AD}\)

\(=-\overrightarrow{AB}^2+\overrightarrow{AD}.2\overrightarrow{AD}=-\overrightarrow{AB}^2+2\overrightarrow{AD}^2\)

\(=-a^2+2a^2=a^2\)

\(cos\left(\overrightarrow{AC};\overrightarrow{BD}\right)=\dfrac{\overrightarrow{AC}.\overrightarrow{BD}}{AC.BD}=\dfrac{a^2}{a\sqrt{2}.a\sqrt{5}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{10}}\)

a) \(\overrightarrow {BD}  = \overrightarrow {AD}  - \overrightarrow {AB} ;\;\overrightarrow {AC}  = \overrightarrow {AB}  + \overrightarrow {AD} .\)

b) \(\overrightarrow {AB} .\overrightarrow {AD}  = 4.6.\cos \widehat {BAD} = 24.\cos {60^o} = 12.\)

\(\begin{array}{l}\overrightarrow {AB} .\overrightarrow {AC}  = \overrightarrow {AB} (\overrightarrow {AB}  + \overrightarrow {AD} ) = {\overrightarrow {AB} ^2} + \overrightarrow {AB} .\overrightarrow {AD}  = {4^2} + 12 = 28.\\\overrightarrow {BD} .\overrightarrow {AC}  = (\overrightarrow {AD}  - \overrightarrow {AB} )(\overrightarrow {AB}  + \overrightarrow {AD} ) = {\overrightarrow {AD} ^2} - {\overrightarrow {AB} ^2} = {6^2} - {4^2} = 20.\end{array}\)

c) Áp dụng định lí cosin cho tam giác ABD ta có:

\(\begin{array}{l}\quad \;B{D^2} = A{B^2} + A{D^2} - 2.AB.AD.\cos A\\ \Leftrightarrow B{D^2} = {4^2} + {6^2} - 2.4.6.\cos {60^o} = 28\\ \Leftrightarrow BD = 2\sqrt 7 .\end{array}\)

Áp dụng định lí cosin cho tam giác ABC ta có:

\(\begin{array}{l}\quad \;A{C^2} = A{B^2} + B{C^2} - 2.AB.BC.\cos B\\ \Leftrightarrow A{C^2} = {4^2} + {6^2} - 2.4.6.\cos {120^o} = 76\\ \Leftrightarrow AC = 2\sqrt {19} .\end{array}\)

a: AB=BC=CD=DA=6a

\(AC=BD=\sqrt{\left(6a\right)^2+\left(6a\right)^2}=6a\sqrt{2}\)

\(\left|\overrightarrow{AB}-\overrightarrow{AC}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{AB}\right|=CB=6a\)

\(\left|\overrightarrow{BC}+\overrightarrow{BD}\right|=\sqrt{BC^2+BD^2+2\cdot BC\cdot BD\cdot cos45}\)

\(=\sqrt{36a^2+72a^2+\sqrt{2}\cdot6a\cdot6a\sqrt{2}}\)

\(=6a\sqrt{5}\)

b: \(\overrightarrow{AB}\cdot\overrightarrow{AC}=AB\cdot AC\cdot cos\left(\overrightarrow{AB},\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=6a\cdot6a\sqrt{2}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\)

\(=36a^2\)

\(\overrightarrow{AC}.\overrightarrow{BD}=\left(\overrightarrow{AD}+\overrightarrow{DC}\right)\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AD}\right)\)

\(=\overrightarrow{AD}.\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AD}^2+\overrightarrow{DC}.\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{DC}.\overrightarrow{AD}\)

\(=\overrightarrow{AD}^2-\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{DC}=a^2-a.2a=-a^2\)

+) Ta có: \(AB \bot AC \Rightarrow \overrightarrow {AB}  \bot \overrightarrow {AC}  \Rightarrow \overrightarrow {AB} .\overrightarrow {AC}  = 0\)

+) \(\overrightarrow {AC} .\overrightarrow {BC}  = \left| {\overrightarrow {AC} } \right|.\left| {\overline {BC} } \right|.\cos \left( {\overrightarrow {AC} ,\overrightarrow {BC} } \right)\)

Ta có: \(BC = \sqrt {A{B^2} + A{C^2}}  = \sqrt 2  \Leftrightarrow \sqrt {2A{C^2}}  = \sqrt 2 \)\( \Rightarrow AC = 1\)

\( \Rightarrow \overrightarrow {AC} .\overrightarrow {BC}  = 1.\sqrt 2 .\cos \left( {45^\circ } \right) = 1\)

+) \(\overrightarrow {BA} .\overrightarrow {BC}  = \left| {\overrightarrow {BA} } \right|.\left| {\overrightarrow {BC} } \right|.\cos \left( {\overrightarrow {BA} ,\overrightarrow {BC} } \right) = 1.\sqrt 2 .\cos \left( {45^\circ } \right) = 1\)

\(BM=2MA\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AM}=\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}\); \(AN=3NC\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AN}=\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AC}=\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AD}\)

Do đó:

\(\overrightarrow{MN}.\overrightarrow{DN}=\left(\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{AN}\right)\left(\overrightarrow{DA}+\overrightarrow{AN}\right)\)

\(=\left(-\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AD}\right)\left(-\overrightarrow{AD}+\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AD}\right)\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{5}{12}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AD}\right)\left(\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AD}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{5}{16}AB^2-\dfrac{3}{16}AD^2=\dfrac{1}{8}AB^2=\dfrac{1}{8}\) (chú ý rằng \(\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{AD}=0\) và \(AB=AD=1\))