Mn giải cho tại sao \(\lim\limits_{x\to 0} f(1/x)=0\) được ko ?
Cho hai hàm số \(f\left( x \right) = {x^2} - 1,g\left( x \right) = x + 1.\)
a) Tính \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} f\left( x \right)\) và \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} g\left( x \right).\)
b) Tính \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} \left[ {f\left( x \right) + g\left( x \right)} \right]\)và so sánh \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} f\left( x \right) + \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} g\left( x \right).\)
c) Tính \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} \left[ {f\left( x \right) - g\left( x \right)} \right]\)và so sánh \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} f\left( x \right) - \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} g\left( x \right).\)
d) Tính \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} \left[ {f\left( x \right).g\left( x \right)} \right]\)và so sánh \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} f\left( x \right).\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} g\left( x \right).\)
e) Tính \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} \frac{{f\left( x \right)}}{{g\left( x \right)}}\)và so sánh \(\frac{{\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} f\left( x \right)}}{{\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} g\left( x \right)}}.\)
a) \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} f\left( x \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} \left( {{x^2} - 1} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} {x^2} - \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} 1 = {1^2} - 1 = 0\)
\(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} g\left( x \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} \left( {x + 1} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} x + \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} 1 = 1 + 1 = 2\)
b) \(\begin{array}{l}\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} \left[ {f\left( x \right) + g\left( x \right)} \right] = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} \left( {{x^2} + x} \right) = {1^2} + 1 = 2\\\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} f\left( x \right) + \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} g\left( x \right) = 0 + 2 = 2\\ \Rightarrow \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} \left[ {f\left( x \right) + g\left( x \right)} \right] = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} f\left( x \right) + \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} g\left( x \right).\end{array}\)
c) \(\begin{array}{l}\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} \left[ {f\left( x \right) - g\left( x \right)} \right] = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} \left( {{x^2} - x - 2} \right) = {1^2} - 1 - 2 = - 2\\\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} f\left( x \right) - \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} g\left( x \right) = 0 - 2 = - 2\\ \Rightarrow \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} \left[ {f\left( x \right) - g\left( x \right)} \right] = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} f\left( x \right) - \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} g\left( x \right).\end{array}\)
d) \(\begin{array}{l}\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} \left[ {f\left( x \right).g\left( x \right)} \right] = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} \left[ {\left( {{x^2} - 1} \right)\left( {x + 1} \right)} \right] = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} \left( {{x^3} + {x^2} - x - 1} \right) = {1^3} + {1^2} - 1 - 1 = 0\\\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} f\left( x \right).\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} g\left( x \right) = 0.2 = 0\\ \Rightarrow \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} \left[ {f\left( x \right).g\left( x \right)} \right] = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} f\left( x \right).\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} g\left( x \right).\end{array}\)
e) \(\begin{array}{l}\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} \frac{{f\left( x \right)}}{{g\left( x \right)}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} \frac{{{x^2} - 1}}{{x + 1}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} \frac{{\left( {x - 1} \right)\left( {x + 1} \right)}}{{x + 1}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} \left( {x - 1} \right) = 1 - 1 = 0\\\frac{{\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} f\left( x \right)}}{{\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} g\left( x \right)}} = \frac{0}{2} = 0\\ \Rightarrow \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} \frac{{f\left( x \right)}}{{g\left( x \right)}} = \frac{{\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} f\left( x \right)}}{{\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} g\left( x \right)}}.\end{array}\)
Cho biết \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} \frac{{{e^x} - 1}}{x} = 1\) và \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} \frac{{\ln \left( {1 + x} \right)}}{x} = 1\). Dùng định nghĩa tính đạo hàm của các hàm số:
a) \(y = {e^x}\);
b) \(y = \ln x\).
a) Với bất kì \({x_0} \in \mathbb{R}\), ta có:
\(f'\left( {{x_0}} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{f\left( x \right) - f\left( {{x_0}} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{{e^x} - {e^{{x_0}}}}}{{x - {x_0}}}\)
Đặt \(x = {x_0} + \Delta x\). Ta có:
\(\begin{array}{l}f'\left( {{x_0}} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{{{e^{{x_0} + \Delta x}} - {e^{{x_0}}}}}{{\Delta x}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{{{e^{{x_0}}}.{e^{\Delta x}} - {e^{{x_0}}}}}{{\Delta x}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{{{e^{{x_0}}}.\left( {{e^{\Delta x}} - 1} \right)}}{{\Delta x}}\\ & = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} {e^{{x_0}}}.\mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{{{e^{\Delta x}} - 1}}{{\Delta x}} = {e^{{x_0}}}.1 = {e^{{x_0}}}\end{array}\)
Vậy \({\left( {{e^x}} \right)^\prime } = {e^x}\) trên \(\mathbb{R}\).
b) Với bất kì \({x_0} > 0\), ta có:
\(f'\left( {{x_0}} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{f\left( x \right) - f\left( {{x_0}} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{\ln {\rm{x}} - \ln {{\rm{x}}_0}}}{{x - {x_0}}}\)
Đặt \(x = {x_0} + \Delta x\). Ta có:
\(\begin{array}{l}f'\left( {{x_0}} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{{\ln \left( {{x_0} + \Delta x} \right) - \ln {{\rm{x}}_0}}}{{\Delta x}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{{\ln \left( {\frac{{{x_0} + \Delta x}}{{{{\rm{x}}_0}}}} \right)}}{{\Delta x}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{{\ln \left( {1 + \frac{{\Delta x}}{{{{\rm{x}}_0}}}} \right)}}{{\Delta x}}\\ = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{1}{{{x_0}}}.\frac{{\ln \left( {1 + \frac{{\Delta x}}{{{{\rm{x}}_0}}}} \right)}}{{\frac{{\Delta x}}{{{x_0}}}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{1}{{{x_0}}}.\mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{{\ln \left( {1 + \frac{{\Delta x}}{{{{\rm{x}}_0}}}} \right)}}{{\frac{{\Delta x}}{{{x_0}}}}}\end{array}\)
Đặt \(\frac{{\Delta x}}{{{x_0}}} = t\). Lại có: \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{1}{{{x_0}}} = \frac{1}{{{x_0}}};\mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{{\ln \left( {1 + \frac{{\Delta x}}{{{{\rm{x}}_0}}}} \right)}}{{\frac{{\Delta x}}{{{x_0}}}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{t \to 0} \frac{{\ln \left( {1 + t} \right)}}{t} = 1\)
Vậy \(f'\left( {{x_0}} \right) = \frac{1}{{{x_0}}}.1 = \frac{1}{{{x_0}}}\)
Vậy \({\left( {\ln x} \right)^\prime } = \frac{1}{x}\) trên khoảng \(\left( {0; + \infty } \right)\).
Biết rằng hàm số \(f\left( x \right)\) thỏa mãn \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {2^ - }} f\left( x \right) = 3\) và \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {2^ + }} f\left( x \right) = 5.\) Trong trường hợp này có tồn tại giới hạn \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 2} f\left( x \right)\) hay không? Giải thích.
Vì \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {2^ - }} f\left( x \right) = 3 \ne \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {2^ + }} f\left( x \right) = 5\) nên không tồn tại giới hạn \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 2} f\left( x \right)\)
Cho hàm số \(f\left( x \right) = \left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{ - {x^2}}&{khi\,\,x < 1}\\x&{khi\,\,x \ge 1}\end{array}} \right.\).
Tìm các giới hạn \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {1^ + }} f\left( x \right);\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {1^ - }} {\rm{ }}f\left( x \right);\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} f\left( x \right)\) (nếu có).
\(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {1^ + }} f\left( x \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {1^ + }} x = 1\).
\(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {1^ - }} f\left( x \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {1^ - }} \left( { - {x^2}} \right) = - {1^2} = - 1\).
Vì \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {1^ + }} f\left( x \right) \ne \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {1^ - }} {\rm{ }}f\left( x \right)\) nên không tồn tại \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} f\left( x \right)\).
Cho hai hàm số \(f(x);\,g(x)\) xác định trên khoảng (a; b), cùng có đạo hàm tại điểm \({x_0} \in (a;b)\)
a) Xét hàm số \(h(x) = f(x) + g(x);\,\,x \in (a;b)\). So sánh
\(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{{h({x_0} + \Delta x) - h({x_0})}}{{\Delta x}}\) và \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{{g({x_0} + \Delta x) - f({x_0})}}{{\Delta x}} + \mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{{f({x_0} + \Delta x) - g({x_0})}}{{\Delta x}}\)
b) Nêu nhận xét về \(h'({x_0})\) và \(f'({x_0}) + g'({x_0})\)
a) Ta có: \(\Delta x = x - {x_0},\Delta y = f\left( {{x_0} + \Delta x} \right) - f\left( {{x_0}} \right)\)
\(\begin{array}{l}\mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{{h({x_0} + \Delta x) - h({x_0})}}{{\Delta x}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{{h\left( x \right) - h\left( {{x_0}} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{{f(x) + g(x) - f({x_0}) - g\left( {{x_0}} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}}\\ = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{{g(x) - f\left( {{x_0}} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}} + \mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{{f(x) - g\left( {{x_0}} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}}\\ = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{{g\left( {{x_0} + \Delta x} \right) - f\left( {{x_0}} \right)}}{{\Delta x}} + \mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{{f\left( {{x_0} + \Delta x} \right) - g\left( {{x_0}} \right)}}{{\Delta x}}\end{array}\)
b) \(h'({x_0})\) = \(f'({x_0}) + g'({x_0})\)
Quan sát đồ thị hàm số \(f\left( x \right) = x\) ở Hình 11.
a) Tính \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} f\left( x \right).\)
b) So sánh \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} f\left( x \right)\) với \(f\left( 1 \right).\)
a) \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} f\left( x \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} x = 1\)
b) \(f\left( 1 \right) = 1 \Rightarrow \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} f\left( x \right) = f\left( 1 \right).\)
Cho hàm số \(f\left( x \right) = \left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{1 - 2x}&{khi\,\,x \le - 1}\\{{x^2} + 2}&{khi\,\,x > - 1}\end{array}} \right.\).
Tìm các giới hạn \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - {1^ + }} f\left( x \right),\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - {1^ - }} {\rm{ }}f\left( x \right)\) và \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - 1} f\left( x \right)\) (nếu có).
a) Giả sử \(\left( {{x_n}} \right)\) là dãy số bất kì, \({x_n} > - 1\) và \({x_n} \to - 1\). Khi đó \(f\left( {{x_n}} \right) = x_n^2 + 2\)
Ta có: \(\lim f\left( {{x_n}} \right) = \lim \left( {x_n^2 + 2} \right) = \lim x_n^2 + \lim 2 = {\left( { - 1} \right)^2} + 2 = 3\)
Vậy \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - {1^ + }} f\left( x \right) = 3\).
Giả sử \(\left( {{x_n}} \right)\) là dãy số bất kì, \({x_n} < - 1\) và \({x_n} \to - 1\). Khi đó \(f\left( {{x_n}} \right) = 1 - 2{x_n}\).
Ta có: \(\lim f\left( {{x_n}} \right) = \lim \left( {1 - 2{x_n}} \right) = \lim 1 - \lim \left( {2{x_n}} \right) = \lim 1 - 2\lim {x_n} = 1 - 2.\left( { - 1} \right) = 3\)
Vậy \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - {1^ - }} f\left( x \right) = 3\).
b) Vì \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - {1^ + }} f\left( x \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - {1^ - }} {\rm{ }}f\left( x \right) = 3\) nên \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - 1} f\left( x \right) = 3\).
1, Cho hàm số y=f(x) và f'(0)=3. Hỏi giới hạn \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{\sqrt{x+1}-1}{f\left(0\right)-f\left(x\right)}\)=?
2, Cho hàm số f(x) có đạo hàm trên R và f'(x)=0 có các nghiệm là 1 và -2. Đặt \(g\left(x\right)=f\left(\sqrt{x^2+4}\right)\), hỏi g'(x)=0 có bao nhiêu nghiệm?
Mọi người giúp mình với ạ, mình cần gấp!! Cảm ơn mọi người rất nhiều!!!
1. Áp dụng quy tắc L'Hopital
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{\sqrt{x+1}-1}{f\left(0\right)-f\left(x\right)}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{x+1}}}{-f'\left(0\right)}=-\dfrac{1}{6}\)
2.
\(g'\left(x\right)=2x.f'\left(\sqrt{x^2+4}\right)=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\f'\left(\sqrt{x^2+4}\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\\sqrt{x^2+4}=1\\\sqrt{x^2+4}=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
2 pt cuối đều vô nghiệm nên \(g'\left(x\right)=0\) có đúng 1 nghiệm
Sử dụng kết quả \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} \frac{{{e^x} - 1}}{x} = 1\), tính đạo hàm của hàm số \(y = {e^x}\) tại điểm x bất kì bằng định nghĩa
\(\begin{array}{l}f'(x) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} \frac{{f(x + {x_0}) - f(x)}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} \frac{{{e^{x + {x_0}}} - {e^x}}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} \frac{{{e^{x + {x_0}}} - {e^x}}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} \frac{{{e^x}({e^{{x_0}}} - 1)}}{x} = {e^x}.\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} \frac{{{e^{{x_0}}} - 1}}{x} = {e^x}.1 = {e^x}\\ \Rightarrow f'(x) = {e^x}\end{array}\)
Sử dụng kiết quả \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} \frac{{\sin x}}{x} = 1\), tính đạo hàm của hàm số \(y = \sin x\) tại điểm x bất kì bằng định nghĩa
\(f'\left(x0\right)=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow x0}\dfrac{f\left(x\right)-f\left(x_0\right)}{x-x_0}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow x0}\dfrac{sinx-sin\left(x0\right)}{x-x0}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow x0}\dfrac{2\cdot cos\left(\dfrac{x+x0}{2}\right)\cdot sin\left(\dfrac{x-x0}{2}\right)}{x-x_0}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow x0}\dfrac{2\cdot sin\left(\dfrac{x-x_0}{2}\right)\cdot cos\left(\dfrac{x+x_0}{2}\right)}{x-x_0}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow x0}\dfrac{cos\left(x+x_0\right)}{2}=cos\left(x0\right)\)
=>\(\left(sinx'\right)=cosx\)