Để chứng minh bất đẳng thức (a^2 + b^2 + c^2)[(a-b)^2 + (b-c)^2 + (c-a)^2] ≥ 9/2, ta sẽ sử dụng phương pháp chứng minh bất đẳng thức bằng phương pháp chứng minh định lý hình học.

Giả sử a, b, c là các số thực và (a, b, c) không phải là (0, 0, 0). Ta có thể viết lại bất đẳng thức trên dưới dạng:

(a^2 + b^2 + c^2)[(a-b)^2 + (b-c)^2 + (c-a)^2] - 9/2 ≥ 0

Mở rộng và rút gọn biểu thức ta có:

2a^4 + 2b^4 + 2c^4 + 4a^2b^2 + 4b^2c^2 + 4c^2a^2 - 2a^3b - 2ab^3 - 2b^3c - 2bc^3 - 2c^3a - 2ca^3 - 9/2 ≥ 0

Đặt x = a^2, y = b^2, z = c^2, ta có:

2x^2 + 2y^2 + 2z^2 + 4xy + 4yz + 4zx - 2x^(3/2)√y - 2x√y^(3/2) - 2y^(3/2)√z - 2yz^(3/2) - 2z^(3/2)√x - 2zx^(3/2) - 9/2 ≥ 0

Đặt t = √x, u = √y, v = √z, ta có:

2t^4 + 2u^4 + 2v^4 + 4t^2u^2 + 4u^2v^2 + 4v^2t^2 - 2t^3u - 2tu^3 - 2u^3v - 2uv^3 - 2v^3t - 2vt^3 - 9/2 ≥ 0

Nhận thấy rằng biểu thức trên có thể viết dưới dạng tổng của các bình phương:

(t^2 + u^2 + v^2 - tu - uv - vt)^2 + (t^2 - u^2)^2 + (u^2 - v^2)^2 + (v^2 - t^2)^2 ≥ 0

Vì mọi số thực bình phương đều không âm, nên bất đẳng thức trên luôn đúng. Từ đó, ta có chứng minh rằng (a^2 + b^2 + c^2)[(a-b)^2 + (b-c)^2 + (c-a)^2] ≥ 9/2.

Lời giải:
Đặt $\frac{a+b}{a-b}=x; \frac{b+c}{b-c}=y; \frac{c+a}{c-a}=z$. Khi đó:

$xy+yz+xz=\frac{(a+b)(b+c)}{(a-b)(b-c)}+\frac{(a+b)(c+a)}{(a-b)(c-a)}+\frac{(b+c)(c+a)}{(b-c)(c-a)}$

$=\frac{(a+b)(b+c)(c-a)+(b+c)(c+a)(a-b)+(c+a)(a+b)(b-c)}{(a-b)(b-c)(c-a)}=-1$
Suy ra:

$(\frac{a+b}{a-b})^2+(\frac{b+c}{b-c})^2+(\frac{c+a}{c-a})^2=x^2+y^2+z^2=(x+y+z)^2-2(xy+yz+xz)$

$=(x+y+z)^2+2\geq 2$

Ta có đpcm.

Đặt \(x=\dfrac{1}{a},y=\dfrac{1}{b},z=\dfrac{1}{c}\) khi đó thu được \(xyz=1\)

Ta có:

\(\dfrac{1}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}=\dfrac{x^2}{\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}}=\dfrac{x^2yz}{y+z}=\dfrac{x}{y+z}\)

BĐT cần chứng minh được viết lại thành:\(\dfrac{x}{y+z}+\dfrac{y}{z+x}+\dfrac{z}{x+y}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{x}{y+z}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{y}{z+x}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{z}{x+y}+1\right)\ge\dfrac{9}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{y+z}+\dfrac{1}{z+x}+\dfrac{1}{x+y}\right)\ge\dfrac{9}{2}\)

Đánh giá cuối cùng đúng theo BĐT Cauchy

Vậy BĐT được chứng minh. Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi  a = b = c = 1.

Ta có VP: 

\(\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+c^2\right)}}\)

Thay \(1=ab+bc+ca\)

\(=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{\left(ab+bc+ca+a^2\right)\left(ab+bc+ca+b^2\right)\left(ab+bc+ca+c^2\right)}}\)

\(=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{\left[b\left(a+c\right)+a\left(a+c\right)\right]\left[a\left(b+c\right)+b\left(b+c\right)\right]\left[b\left(a+c\right)+c\left(a+c\right)\right]}}\)

\(=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\)

\(=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{\left[\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\right]^2}}\)

\(=\dfrac{2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}\)

_____________

Ta có VT: 

\(\dfrac{a}{1+a^2}+\dfrac{b}{1+b^2}+\dfrac{c}{1+c^2}\)

Thay \(1=ab+ac+bc\)

\(=\dfrac{a}{ab+ac+bc+a^2}+\dfrac{b}{ab+ac+bc+b^2}+\dfrac{c}{ab+ac+bc+c^2}\)

\(=\dfrac{a}{a\left(a+b\right)+c\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{b}{b\left(b+c\right)+a\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{c}{c\left(b+c\right)+a\left(b+c\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{a}{\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{b}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{c}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{a\left(b+c\right)}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{b\left(a+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{c\left(a+b\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{ab+ac+ab+bc+ac+bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{2ab+2ac+2bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{2\cdot\left(ab+ac+bc\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\left(ab+ac+bc=1\right)\)

Mà: \(VP=VT=\dfrac{2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{1+a^2}+\dfrac{b}{1+b^2}+\dfrac{c}{1+c^2}=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+c^2\right)}}\left(dpcm\right)\)

Ta có: \(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}\ge\left(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4\cdot\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge2\cdot\left(a+b\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4a^2+4b^2\ge2\cdot\left(a^2+2ab+b^2\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4a^2+4b^2\ge2a^2+4ab+2b^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4a^2+4b^2-2a^2-4ab-2b^2\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2-4ab+2b^2\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)

\(\dfrac{a^3}{\left(b+1\right)\left(c+2\right)}+\dfrac{b+1}{12}+\dfrac{c+2}{18}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a^3\left(b+1\right)\left(c+2\right)}{216\left(b+1\right)\left(c+2\right)}}=\dfrac{a}{2}\)

Tương tự: \(\dfrac{b^3}{\left(c+1\right)\left(a+2\right)}+\dfrac{c+1}{12}+\dfrac{a+2}{18}\ge\dfrac{b}{2}\)

\(\dfrac{c^3}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+2\right)}+\dfrac{a+1}{12}+\dfrac{b+2}{18}\ge\dfrac{c}{2}\)

Cộng vế:

\(VT+\dfrac{5}{36}\left(a+b+c\right)+\dfrac{7}{12}\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{13}{36}\left(a+b+c\right)-\dfrac{7}{12}\ge\dfrac{13}{36}.3\sqrt[3]{abc}-\dfrac{7}{12}=\dfrac{1}{2}\) (đpcm)

\(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)^2}}=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)^2}-\dfrac{2}{ab}}\)

\(=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{a+b}{ab}\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)^2}-2\cdot\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)}{ab}\cdot\dfrac{1}{a+b}}\)

\(=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{a+b}{ab}-\dfrac{1}{a+b}\right)^2}\)

\(=\left|\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{a+b}\right|\)

\(\left(\dfrac{a+b-c}{2}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{a-b+c}{2}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{-a+b+c}{2}\right)^2\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{4m-2c}{2}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{4m-2b}{2}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{4m-2a}{2}\right)^2\)

\(=\left(2m-c\right)^2+\left(2m-b\right)^2+\left(2m-a\right)^2\)

\(=4m^2-4mc+c^2+4m^2-4mb+b^2+4m^2-4ma+a^2\)

\(=a^2+b^2+c^2+12m^2-4m\left(a+b+c\right)\)

\(=a^2+b^2+c^2+12m^2-4m\cdot4m\)

\(=a^2+b^2+c^2+12m^2-16m^2\)

\(=a^2+b^2+c^2-4m^2\)