a) \(\sin x = \frac{{\sqrt 2 }}{2}\;\; \Leftrightarrow \sin x = \sin \frac{\pi }{4}\;\;\;\; \Leftrightarrow \;\left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{x = \frac{\pi }{4} + k2\pi }\\{x = \pi  - \frac{\pi }{4} + k2\pi }\end{array}} \right.\;\;\;\; \Leftrightarrow \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{x = \frac{\pi }{4} + k2\pi }\\{x = \frac{{3\pi }}{4} + k2\pi }\end{array}\;\left( {k \in \mathbb{Z}} \right)} \right.\;\)

b)

\(\begin{array}{l}\sin 3x =  - \sin 5x\;\;\;\\\; \Leftrightarrow \,\,\,\sin 3x + \sin 5x = 0\;\;\;\;\;\;\\ \Leftrightarrow \,\,\,2\sin 4x\cos x = 0\;\end{array}\)

\( \Leftrightarrow \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{\sin 4x = 0}\\{\cos x = 0}\end{array}\;\;\;\; \Leftrightarrow \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{\sin 4x = \sin 0}\\{\cos x = \cos \frac{\pi }{2}}\end{array}} \right.\;\;\;\;\;\; \Leftrightarrow \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{4x = k\pi }\\{x = \frac{\pi }{2} + k\pi }\end{array}\;\left( {k \in \mathbb{Z}} \right)} \right.} \right.\)

a)      

\(\begin{array}{l}\sin \left( {2x - \frac{\pi }{6}} \right) =  - \frac{{\sqrt 3 }}{2}\\ \Leftrightarrow \sin \left( {2x - \frac{\pi }{6}} \right) = \sin \left( { - \frac{\pi }{3}} \right)\end{array}\)

\(\begin{array}{l} \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}2x - \frac{\pi }{6} =  - \frac{\pi }{3} + k2\pi \\2x - \frac{\pi }{6} = \pi  + \frac{\pi }{3} + k2\pi \end{array} \right.\,\,\,\left( {k \in \mathbb{Z}} \right)\\ \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}2x =  - \frac{\pi }{6} + k2\pi \\2x = \frac{{3\pi }}{2} + k2\pi \end{array} \right.\,\,\,\left( {k \in \mathbb{Z}} \right)\\ \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}x =  - \frac{\pi }{{12}} + k\pi \\x = \frac{{3\pi }}{4} + k\pi \end{array} \right.\,\,\,\left( {k \in \mathbb{Z}} \right)\end{array}\)

b)     \(\begin{array}{l}\cos \left( {\frac{{3x}}{2} + \frac{\pi }{4}} \right) = \frac{1}{2}\\ \Leftrightarrow \cos \left( {\frac{{3x}}{2} + \frac{\pi }{4}} \right) = \cos \frac{\pi }{3}\end{array}\)

\(\begin{array}{l} \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}\frac{{3x}}{2} + \frac{\pi }{4} = \frac{\pi }{3} + k2\pi \\\frac{{3x}}{2} + \frac{\pi }{4} = \frac{{ - \pi }}{3} + k2\pi \end{array} \right.\,\,\,\left( {k \in \mathbb{Z}} \right)\\ \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}x = \frac{\pi }{{18}} + \frac{{k4\pi }}{3}\\x = \frac{{ - 7\pi }}{{18}} + \frac{{k4\pi }}{3}\end{array} \right.\,\,\,\left( {k \in \mathbb{Z}} \right)\end{array}\)

c)       

\(\begin{array}{l}\sin 3x - \cos 5x = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow \sin 3x = \cos 5x\\ \Leftrightarrow \cos 5x = \cos \left( {\frac{\pi }{2} - 3x} \right)\\ \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}5x = \frac{\pi }{2} - 3x + k2\pi \\5x =  - \left( {\frac{\pi }{2} - 3x} \right) + k2\pi \end{array} \right.\\ \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}8x = \frac{\pi }{2} + k2\pi \\2x =  - \frac{\pi }{2} + k2\pi \end{array} \right.\\ \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}x = \frac{\pi }{{16}} + \frac{{k\pi }}{4}\\x =  - \frac{\pi }{4} + k\pi \end{array} \right.\end{array}\)

d)      

\(\begin{array}{l}{\cos ^2}x = \frac{1}{4}\\ \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}\cos x = \frac{1}{2}\\\cos x =  - \frac{1}{2}\end{array} \right.\\ \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}\cos x = \cos \frac{\pi }{3}\\\cos x = \cos \frac{{2\pi }}{3}\end{array} \right.\\ \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}\left[ \begin{array}{l}x = \frac{\pi }{3} + k2\pi \\x =  - \frac{\pi }{3} + k2\pi \end{array} \right.\\\left[ \begin{array}{l}x = \frac{{2\pi }}{3} + k2\pi \\x =  - \frac{{2\pi }}{3} + k2\pi \end{array} \right.\end{array} \right.\end{array}\)

e)      

\(\begin{array}{l}\sin x - \sqrt 3 \cos x = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{2}\sin x - \frac{{\sqrt 3 }}{2}\cos x = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow \cos \frac{\pi }{3}.\sin x - \sin \frac{\pi }{3}.\cos x = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow \sin \left( {x - \frac{\pi }{3}} \right) = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow \sin \left( {x - \frac{\pi }{3}} \right) = \sin 0\\ \Leftrightarrow x - \frac{\pi }{3} = k\pi ;k \in Z\\ \Leftrightarrow x = \frac{\pi }{3} + k\pi ;k \in Z\end{array}\)

f)       

\(\begin{array}{l}\sin x + \cos x = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow \frac{{\sqrt 2 }}{2}\sin x + \frac{{\sqrt 2 }}{2}\cos x = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow \cos \frac{\pi }{4}.\sin x + \sin \frac{\pi }{4}.\cos x = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow \sin \left( {x + \frac{\pi }{4}} \right) = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow \sin \left( {x + \frac{\pi }{4}} \right) = \sin 0\\ \Leftrightarrow x + \frac{\pi }{4} = k\pi ;k \in Z\\ \Leftrightarrow x =  - \frac{\pi }{4} + k\pi ;k \in Z\end{array}\)

30. \(\tan x+\cot x=2\sin\left(x+\frac{\pi}{4}\right)\)

ĐK: \(x\ne\frac{k\pi}{2}\)

pt <=> \(\frac{1}{\sin x.\cos x}=2\sin\left(x+\frac{\pi}{4}\right)\)

<=> \(\frac{1}{\sin2x}=\sin\left(x+\frac{\pi}{4}\right)\)

Đánh giá: \(-1\le\sin2x\le1\)

=> \(\orbr{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{\sin2x}\le-1\\\frac{1}{\sin2x}\ge1\end{cases}}\)

\(-1\le\sin\left(x+\frac{\pi}{4}\right)\le1\)

Như vậy dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\orbr{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{\sin2x}=\sin\left(x+\frac{\pi}{4}\right)=-1\\\frac{1}{\sin2x}=\sin\left(x+\frac{\pi}{4}\right)=1\end{cases}}\)

<=> \(\orbr{\begin{cases}\sin2x=\sin\left(x+\frac{\pi}{4}\right)=-1\\\sin2x=\sin\left(x+\frac{\pi}{4}\right)=1\end{cases}}\)

TH1: \(\sin2x=\sin\left(x+\frac{\pi}{4}\right)=-1\)

<=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}2x=-\frac{\pi}{2}+k2\pi\\x+\frac{\pi}{4}=-\frac{\pi}{2}+k2\pi\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=-\frac{\pi}{4}+k\pi\\x=-\frac{3\pi}{4}+k2\pi\end{cases}}\)loại

TH2: 

 \(\sin2x=\sin\left(x+\frac{\pi}{4}\right)=1\)

<=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}2x=\frac{\pi}{2}+k2\pi\\x+\frac{\pi}{4}=\frac{\pi}{2}+k2\pi\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{\pi}{4}+k\pi\\x=\frac{\pi}{4}+k2\pi\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{\pi}{4}+k2\pi\)

Vậy ...

29) \(\sin x-2\sin2x-\sin3x=2\sqrt{2}\)

<=> \(\left(\sin x-\sin3x\right)-2\sin2x=2\sqrt{2}\)

<=> \(-2.\sin x\cos2x-2\sin2x=2\sqrt{2}\)

<=> \(\sin x\cos2x+\sin2x=-\sqrt{2}\)

Ta có: \(\left(\sin x\cos2x+\sin2x\right)^2\le\left(\sin^2x+1\right)\left(\sin^22x+\cos^22x\right)=\sin^2x+1\le2\)

( theo bunhia)

=> \(-\sqrt{2}\le\sin x\cos2x+\sin2x\le\sqrt{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\frac{\sin x}{1}=\frac{\cos2x}{\sin2x}\)(1) và \(\sin x\cos2x+\sin2x=-\sqrt{2}\)(2)

(1) <=> \(\frac{\sin x.\cos2x}{1}=\frac{\cos^22x}{\sin2x}\)=> (2) <=>  \(\frac{\cos^22x}{\sin2x}+\sin2x=-\sqrt{2}\)

<=> \(\frac{1}{\sin2x}=-\sqrt{2}\)<=> \(\sin2x=-\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\)<=> \(\orbr{\begin{cases}x=-\frac{\pi}{8}+k\pi\\x=-\frac{3\pi}{8}+k\pi\end{cases}}\)

(1) <=> \(\sin x.\sin2x=\cos2x\)=> (2) <=> \(\sin x.\sin x.\sin2x+\sin2x=-\sqrt{2}\)

<=> \(\frac{\sin^2x}{2}+\frac{1}{2}=+1\Leftrightarrow\sin^2x=1\)=> \(\cos^2x=0\)loại vì \(\sin2x=-\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\)

Vậy pt vô nghiệm

28. \(\sqrt{5+\sin^23x}=\sin x+2\cos x\)

có: \(\sqrt{5+\sin^23x}\ge\sqrt{5}\)

\(\left(\sin x+2\cos x\right)^2\le\left(1^2+2^2\right)\left(\sin^2x+\cos^2x\right)=5\)

<=> \(\sin x+2\cos x\le\sqrt{5}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}\sin3x=0\\\frac{1}{2}=\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\\\sin x+2\cos x=\sqrt{5}\end{cases}}\)hệ vô nghiệm 

a/ \(f'\left(x\right)=2sinx.cosx-2sinx=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2sinx\left(cosx-1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}sinx=0\\cosx=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow x=k\pi\)

b/ \(f'\left(x\right)=cosx+sin4x+sin6x=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow cosx+2sin5x.cosx=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow cosx\left(2sin5x+1\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}cosx=0\\sin5x=-\frac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{\pi}{2}+k\pi\\5x=-\frac{\pi}{6}+k2\pi\\5x=\frac{7\pi}{6}+k2\pi\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{\pi}{2}+k\pi\\x=-\frac{\pi}{30}+\frac{k2\pi}{5}\\x=-\frac{7\pi}{30}+\frac{k2\pi}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)

a) \(2\cos x =  - \sqrt 2  \Leftrightarrow \cos x =  - \frac{{\sqrt 2 }}{2}\;\; \Leftrightarrow \cos x = \cos \frac{\pi }{4} \Leftrightarrow \;\left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{x = \frac{\pi }{4} + k2\pi }\\{x = \pi  - \frac{\pi }{4} + k2\pi }\end{array}} \right.\;\;\;\;\;\; \Leftrightarrow \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{x = \frac{\pi }{4} + k2\pi }\\{x = \frac{{3\pi }}{4} + k2\pi }\end{array}\;\left( {k \in \mathbb{Z}} \right)} \right.\)

b) \(\cos 3x - \sin 5x = 0\;\;\;\; \Leftrightarrow \cos 3x = \sin 5x\;\;\;\; \Leftrightarrow \cos 3x = \cos \left( {\frac{\pi }{2} - 5x} \right)\;\;\)

\( \Leftrightarrow \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{3x = \frac{\pi }{2} - 5x + k2\pi }\\{3x =  - \frac{\pi }{2} + 5x + k2\pi }\end{array}} \right.\;\;\;\;\; \Leftrightarrow \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{8x = \frac{\pi }{2} + k2\pi }\\{ - 2x =  - \frac{\pi }{2} + k2\pi }\end{array}} \right.\;\; \Leftrightarrow \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{x = \frac{\pi }{{16}} + \frac{{k\pi }}{4}}\\{x = \frac{\pi }{4} - k\pi }\end{array}} \right.\;\;\left( {k \in \mathbb{Z}} \right)\)

1.

PT $\Leftrightarrow 2^{x^2-5x+6}+2^{1-x^2}-2^{7-5x}-1=0$

$\Leftrightarrow (2^{x^2-5x+6}-2^{7-5x})-(1-2^{1-x^2})=0$

$\Leftrightarrow 2^{7-5x}(2^{x^2-1}-1)-(2^{x^2-1}-1)2^{1-x^2}=0$

$\Leftrightarrow (2^{x^2-1}-1)(2^{7-5x}-2^{1-x^2})=0$

$\Rightarrow 2^{x^2-1}-1=0$ hoặc $2^{7-5x}-2^{1-x^2}=0$

Nếu $2^{x^2-1}=1\Leftrightarrow x^2-1=0$

$\Leftrightarrow x^2=1\Leftrightarrow x=\pm 1$

$2^{7-5x}-2^{1-x^2}=0$

$\Leftrightarrow 7-5x=1-x^2\Leftrightarrow x^2-5x+6=0$

$\Leftrightarrow (x-2)(x-3)=0\Leftrightarrow x=2; x=3$

2. Đặt $\sin ^2x=a$ thì $\cos ^2x=1-a$. PT trở thành:

$16^a+16^{1-a}=10$

$\Leftrightarrow 16^a+\frac{16}{16^a}=10$

$\Leftrightarrow (16^a)^2-10.16^a+16=0$

Đặt $16^a=x$ thì:

$x^2-10x+16=0$

$\Leftrightarrow (x-2)(x-8)=0$

$\Leftrightarrow x=2$ hoặc $x=8$

$\Leftrightarrow 16^a=2$ hoặc $16^a=8$

$\Leftrightarrow 2^{4a}=2$ hoặc $2^{4a}=2^3$

$\Leftrightarroww 4a=1$ hoặc $4a=3$

$\Leftrightarrow a=\frac{1}{4}$ hoặc $a=\frac{3}{4}$

Nếu $a=\frac{1}{4}\Leftrightarrow \sin ^2x=\frac{1}{4}$

$\Leftrightarrow \sin x=\pm \frac{1}{2}$

Nếu $a=\sin ^2x=\frac{3}{4}\Rightarrow \sin x=\pm \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$

Đến đây thì đơn giản rồi.