Do G là trọng tâm ABC \(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{GA}+\overrightarrow{GB}+\overrightarrow{GC}=\overrightarrow{0}\)

Do I là trung điểm BC \(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MC}=2\overrightarrow{MI}\)

\(2\left|\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MC}\right|=3\left|\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MC}\right|\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left|\overrightarrow{MG}+\overrightarrow{GA}+\overrightarrow{MG}+\overrightarrow{GB}+\overrightarrow{MG}+\overrightarrow{GC}\right|=3.\left|2\overrightarrow{MI}\right|\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2.\left|3\overrightarrow{MG}+\overrightarrow{GA}+\overrightarrow{GB}+\overrightarrow{GC}\right|=6\left|\overrightarrow{MI}\right|\)

\(\Leftrightarrow6\left|\overrightarrow{MG}\right|=6\left|\overrightarrow{MI}\right|\)

\(\Leftrightarrow MG=MI\)

Tập hợp M là đường trung trực của đoạn thẳng IG

1.

Đặt \(P=\left|\overrightarrow{AD}+3\overrightarrow{AB}\right|\Rightarrow P^2=AD^2+9AB^2+6\overrightarrow{AD}.\overrightarrow{AB}\)

\(=AD^2+9AB^2=10AB^2=10a^2\)

\(\Rightarrow P=a\sqrt{10}\)

2.

Tam giác ABC đều nên AM là trung tuyến đồng thời là đường cao \(\Rightarrow AM\perp BM\)

\(AM=\dfrac{a\sqrt{3}}{2}\) ; \(BM=\dfrac{a}{2}\)

\(T=\left|\overrightarrow{MA}+2\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MC}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{MA}+2\overrightarrow{MB}\right|\)

\(\Rightarrow T^2=MA^2+4MB^2+4\overrightarrow{MA}.\overrightarrow{MB}=MA^2+4MB^2\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{a\sqrt{3}}{2}\right)^2+4\left(\dfrac{a}{2}\right)^2=\dfrac{7a^2}{4}\Rightarrow T=\dfrac{a\sqrt{7}}{2}\)

3.

\(T=\left|\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{CG}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{CA}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{CB}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{CA}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{CA}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}\right|\)

\(=\left|\dfrac{4}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\right|\Rightarrow T^2=\dfrac{16}{9}AB^2+\dfrac{4}{9}AC^2-\dfrac{16}{9}\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{AC}\)

\(=\dfrac{20}{9}AB^2-\dfrac{16}{9}AB^2.cos60^0=\dfrac{20}{9}a^2-\dfrac{16}{9}a^2.\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{4}{3}a^2\)

\(\Rightarrow T=\dfrac{2a}{\sqrt{3}}\)

Qua A dựng đường thẳng d song song BC, trên d lấy điểm I sao cho \(\overrightarrow{IA}=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\)

\(\Rightarrow3\overrightarrow{IA}=2\overrightarrow{BC}\Rightarrow3\overrightarrow{IA}+2\overrightarrow{CB}=\overrightarrow{0}\)

Ta có:

\(\left|3\overrightarrow{MA}+2\overrightarrow{MB}-2\overrightarrow{MC}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{MB}-\overrightarrow{MC}\right|\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left|3\overrightarrow{MA}+2\left(\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{CM}\right)\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{CM}\right|\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left|3\overrightarrow{MA}+2\overrightarrow{CB}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{CB}\right|\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left|3\overrightarrow{MI}+3\overrightarrow{IA}+2\overrightarrow{CB}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{CB}\right|\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left|3\overrightarrow{MI}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{CB}\right|\)

\(\Leftrightarrow MI=\dfrac{1}{3}BC\)

Tập hợp M là đường tròn tâm I bán kính \(\dfrac{BC}{3}\)

Có vẻ không đúng.

Giả sử \(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MA}=\overrightarrow{0}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{MB}+\left(\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{AB}\right)=\overrightarrow{0}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MB}=\overrightarrow{0}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\overrightarrow{MB}=\overrightarrow{0}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow M\equiv B\) (Vô lí)

Hình vẽ:

\(\left|\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MC}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{AB}-\overrightarrow{AC}\right|\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left|\overrightarrow{MG}+\overrightarrow{GA}+\overrightarrow{MG}+\overrightarrow{GB}+\overrightarrow{MG}+\overrightarrow{GC}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{CA}\right|\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left|3\overrightarrow{MG}+\overrightarrow{GA}+\overrightarrow{GB}+\overrightarrow{GC}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{CB}\right|\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left|3\overrightarrow{MG}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{CB}\right|\)

\(\Leftrightarrow MG=\dfrac{1}{3}BC\)

Tập hợp M là đường tròn tâm G bán kính \(R=\dfrac{BC}{3}\)

d, Lấy P, Q sao cho \(4\overrightarrow{PA}-\overrightarrow{PB}+\overrightarrow{PC}=\overrightarrow{0};2\overrightarrow{QA}-\overrightarrow{QB}-\overrightarrow{QC}=\overrightarrow{0}\)

Ta có \(\left|4\overrightarrow{MA}-\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MC}\right|=\left|4\text{ }\overrightarrow{MP}+4\overrightarrow{PA}-\overrightarrow{PB}+\overrightarrow{PC}\right|=\left|4\overrightarrow{MP}\right|=4MP\)

\(\left|2\overrightarrow{MA}-\overrightarrow{MB}-\overrightarrow{MC}\right|=\text{ }\left|2\overrightarrow{QA}-\overrightarrow{QB}-\overrightarrow{QC}\right|=0\)

\(\Rightarrow4MP=0\Rightarrow M\equiv P\)

Gọi G là trọng tâm tam giác, I là trung điểm BC, N là trung điểm của AC

a, Ta có \(\left|\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MC}\right|=\left|3\overrightarrow{MG}\right|=3MG\)

\(\frac{3}{2}\left|\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MC}\right|=\frac{3}{2}\left|2\overrightarrow{MI}\right|=3MI\)

\(\Rightarrow MG=MI\Rightarrow M\) thuộc đường trung trực của BC

b, \(\left|\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MC}\right|=\left|2\overrightarrow{MN}\right|=2MN\)

\(\left|\overrightarrow{MA}-\overrightarrow{MB}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{BA}\right|=BA\)

\(\Rightarrow2MN=BA\Rightarrow M\in\left(N;\frac{BA}{2}\right)\)

c, Lấy điểm E thỏa mãn \(2\overrightarrow{EA}+\overrightarrow{EB}=\overrightarrow{0}\), F thỏa mãn \(4\overrightarrow{FB}-\overrightarrow{FC}=\overrightarrow{0}\)

Ta có \(\left|2\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MB}\right|=\left|2\overrightarrow{ME}+2\overrightarrow{EA}+\overrightarrow{ME}+\overrightarrow{EB}\right|=\left|3\overrightarrow{ME}\right|=3ME\)

\(\left|4\overrightarrow{MB}-\overrightarrow{MC}\right|=\left|4\overrightarrow{MF}+4\overrightarrow{FB}-\overrightarrow{MF}-\overrightarrow{FC}\right|=\left|3\overrightarrow{MF}\right|=3MF\)

\(\Rightarrow ME=MF\Rightarrow M\) thuộc đường trung trực EF

\(\text{a) }\left|2\overrightarrow{MA}+3\overrightarrow{MB}\right|=\left|3\overrightarrow{MB}-2\overrightarrow{MC}\right|\\ \Rightarrow\left(2\overrightarrow{MA}+3\overrightarrow{MB}\right)^2=\left(3\overrightarrow{MB}-2\overrightarrow{MC}\right)^2\\ \Rightarrow\left(2\overrightarrow{MA}+3\overrightarrow{MB}\right)^2-\left(3\overrightarrow{MB}-2\overrightarrow{MC}\right)^2=0\\ \Rightarrow\left(2\overrightarrow{MA}+3\overrightarrow{MB}-3\overrightarrow{MB}+2\overrightarrow{MC}\right)\left(2\overrightarrow{MA}+3\overrightarrow{MB}+3\overrightarrow{MB}-2\overrightarrow{MC}\right)=0\\ \Rightarrow\left(2\overrightarrow{MA}+2\overrightarrow{MC}\right)\left[2\left(\overrightarrow{MA}-\overrightarrow{MC}\right)+6\overrightarrow{MB}\right]=0\\ \Rightarrow\left(\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MC}\right)\left(\overrightarrow{CA}+3\overrightarrow{MB}\right)=0\\ \Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MC}=0\\\overrightarrow{CA}+3\overrightarrow{MB}=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{MA}=-\overrightarrow{MC}\\\overrightarrow{CA}=-3\overrightarrow{MB}\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}M;A;C\text{ thẳng hàng };M\text{ nằm giữa }A;C\\MA=MC\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}CA//MB\\CA=3MB\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}M\text{ là trung điểm }AC\\CA//MB;CA=3MB\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy......

\(b\text{) }\left|4\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MC}\right|=\left|2\overrightarrow{MA}-\overrightarrow{MB}-\overrightarrow{MC}\right|\\ \Rightarrow\left(4\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MC}\right)^2=\left(2\overrightarrow{MA}-\overrightarrow{MB}-\overrightarrow{MC}\right)^2\\ \Rightarrow\left(4\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MC}\right)^2-\left(2\overrightarrow{MA}-\overrightarrow{MB}-\overrightarrow{MC}\right)^2=0\\ \Rightarrow\left(4\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MC}-2\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MC}\right)\left(4\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MC}+2\overrightarrow{MA}-\overrightarrow{MB}-\overrightarrow{MC}\right)=0\\ \Rightarrow\left(2\overrightarrow{MA}+2\overrightarrow{MB}+2\overrightarrow{MC}\right)\cdot6\overrightarrow{MA}=0\\ \Rightarrow\overrightarrow{MA}\left(\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MC}\right)=0\\ \Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{MA}=0\\\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MC}=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}M\equiv A\\M\text{ là trọng tâm }\Delta ABC\end{matrix}\right.\)Vậy...........