Đặt\(P=\dfrac{a}{1+b^2}+\dfrac{b}{1+c^2}+\dfrac{c}{1+a^2+}+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\) 

Bổ đề: \(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge9\) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{9}{a+b+c}\) (1)

Chứng minh bổ đề: \(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge9\sqrt[3]{abc.\dfrac{1}{abc}}=9\left(\forall a,b,c\ge0\right)\) 

Kết hợp điều kiện đề bài ta được: \(a+b+c\ge3\)

Ta có: \(\dfrac{ab^2}{1+b^2}\le\dfrac{ab^2}{2\sqrt{b^2}}=\dfrac{ab}{2}\) ( AM-GM cho 2 số không âm 1 và b^2 )

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{1+b^2}=a-\dfrac{ab^2}{1+b^2}\ge a-\dfrac{ab}{2}\left(1\right)\)

Chứng minh hoàn toàn tương tự: \(\dfrac{b}{1+c^2}\ge b-\dfrac{bc}{2}\left(2\right)\)

\(\dfrac{c}{1+a^2}\ge c-\dfrac{ca}{2}\left(3\right)\)

Cộng (1),(2),(3) vế theo vế thu được: \(P\ge a+b+c=3\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra tại a=b=c=1

Cách giải của

Ta có VP: 

\(\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+c^2\right)}}\)

Thay \(1=ab+bc+ca\)

\(=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{\left(ab+bc+ca+a^2\right)\left(ab+bc+ca+b^2\right)\left(ab+bc+ca+c^2\right)}}\)

\(=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{\left[b\left(a+c\right)+a\left(a+c\right)\right]\left[a\left(b+c\right)+b\left(b+c\right)\right]\left[b\left(a+c\right)+c\left(a+c\right)\right]}}\)

\(=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\)

\(=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{\left[\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\right]^2}}\)

\(=\dfrac{2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}\)

_____________

Ta có VT: 

\(\dfrac{a}{1+a^2}+\dfrac{b}{1+b^2}+\dfrac{c}{1+c^2}\)

Thay \(1=ab+ac+bc\)

\(=\dfrac{a}{ab+ac+bc+a^2}+\dfrac{b}{ab+ac+bc+b^2}+\dfrac{c}{ab+ac+bc+c^2}\)

\(=\dfrac{a}{a\left(a+b\right)+c\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{b}{b\left(b+c\right)+a\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{c}{c\left(b+c\right)+a\left(b+c\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{a}{\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{b}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{c}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{a\left(b+c\right)}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{b\left(a+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{c\left(a+b\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{ab+ac+ab+bc+ac+bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{2ab+2ac+2bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{2\cdot\left(ab+ac+bc\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\left(ab+ac+bc=1\right)\)

Mà: \(VP=VT=\dfrac{2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{1+a^2}+\dfrac{b}{1+b^2}+\dfrac{c}{1+c^2}=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+c^2\right)}}\left(dpcm\right)\)

Bất đẳng thức sai, chẳng hạn với \(a=b=10^{-4};c=0,5-a-b\).

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\right)\le\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\)

Áp dụng BĐT quen thuộc:

\(\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\ge\dfrac{8}{9}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=\dfrac{8}{9}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{9\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)}{4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)

Ta chỉ cần chứng minh:

\(\dfrac{9\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)}{4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\le\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\ge9abc+9abc\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)

Do \(3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\ge9abc\left(a+b+c\right)=9abc\)

Nên ta chỉ cần chứng minh:

\(\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\ge9abc\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca\ge9abc\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge9\)

Hiển nhiên đúng do \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{9}{a+b+c}=9\)

\(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca=2\)

Áp dụng BĐT C-S:

\(P\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3-\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}=\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2+4}{3-\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\)

Đặt \(a^2+b^2+c^2=x\)

Ta cần c/m: \(\dfrac{x+4}{3-x}\ge6\Leftrightarrow x+4\ge18-6x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\ge2\) (đúng)

Dấu = xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\pm\sqrt{\dfrac{2}{3}}\)

\(abc\ge\left(a+b-c\right)\left(b+c-a\right)\left(c+a-b\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow abc\ge\left(3-2a\right)\left(3-2b\right)\left(3-2c\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow9abc\ge12\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-27\)

\(\Rightarrow abc\ge\dfrac{4}{3}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-3\)

\(P\ge\dfrac{9}{a\left(b^2+bc+c^2\right)+b\left(c^2+ca+a^2\right)+c\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)}+\dfrac{abc}{ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{9}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}+\dfrac{abc}{ab+bc+ca}\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3}{ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{abc}{ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{3+abc}{ab+bc+ca}\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3+\dfrac{4}{3}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-3}{ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{4}{3}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)

Ta chứng minh BĐT sau cho các số dương:

\(x^5+y^5\ge xy\left(x^3+y^3\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^5-x^4y+y^5-xy^4\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^4-y^4\right)\left(x-y\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge0\) (đúng)

Áp dụng:

\(\dfrac{a^5+b^5}{ab\left(a+b\right)}\ge\dfrac{ab\left(a^3+b^3\right)}{ab\left(a+b\right)}=\dfrac{a^3+b^3}{a+b}=a^2-ab+b^2\)

Tương tự và cộng lại:

\(VT\ge2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=2-\left(ab+ca+ca\right)\)

\(VT\ge4-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-2=4\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-2\)

\(VT\ge4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-2=3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-2\) (đpcm)