\(pt\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+y^2+1\right)^2-5\left(x^2+y^2+1\right)=-y^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+y^2+1\right)\left(x^2+y^2-4\right)=-y^2\)

Gọi d là UWCLN của x²+y²+1 và x²+y²-4

\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x^2+y^2+1⋮d\\x^2+y^2-4⋮d\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\left(x^2+y^2+1\right)\left(x^2+y^2-4\right)⋮d^2\Rightarrow y^2⋮d^2\Rightarrow y^2⋮d\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x^2+1⋮d\\x^2-4⋮d\end{cases}}\Rightarrow5⋮d\)

\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x^2-5+6⋮d\\x^2+5-9⋮d\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x^2+6⋮d\\x^2-9⋮d\end{cases}}\Rightarrow3⋮d\)

Do \(\left(3,5\right)=1\)

\(\Rightarrow d=1\)

\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x^2+y^2+1=a^2\\x^2+y^2-4=b^2\end{cases}\Rightarrow}a^2-1=b^2+4\Rightarrow a^2-b^2=5\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)=5\)

Sau đó lập bảng xét các ước của 5 ta tìm được a và b, sau khi tìm được a và b ta sẽ tìm được x và y

\(5x^4+10x^2+2y^6+4y^3-6=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow5x^4+10x^2+5+2y^6+4y^3+2-7-6=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow5\left(x^4+2x^2+1\right)+2\left(y^6+2y^3+1\right)=13\)

\(\Leftrightarrow5\left(x^2+1\right)^2+2\left(y^3+1\right)^2=13\)

mà \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x^2+1\right)^2\ge0,\forall x\inℤ\\\left(y^3+1\right)^2\ge0,\forall y\inℤ\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+1=1\\y^3+1=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2=0\\y^3=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\) thỏa mãn yêu cầu của đề bài.

\(\Leftrightarrow x^4+y^4+1+2x^2y^2+2y^2+2x^2-5x^2-4y^2-5=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^4+y^4+2x^2y^2-3x^2-2y^2-4=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x^4+2y^4+4x^2y^2-6x^2-4y^2-8=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2\left(x^2+y^2\right)+2y^2\left(x^2+y^2\right)-4\left(x^2+y^2\right)-2\left(x^2+4\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2-2\right)-x^2=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+y^2-1\right)^2-1-x^2=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+y^2-1\right)^2-x^2=4-1=2^2-1^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+y^2-1=2\\x=\pm1\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\pm1\\y=\pm\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)(KTM)

Vậy pt vô nghiệm.

\(x^2+y^2-2x-4y-4=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2-9=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2=9=0^2+3^2=0^2+\left(-3\right)^2\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\y-2=3\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=3\\y-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\y-2=-3\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=-3\\y-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=5\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-2\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow-2\le x\le4\left(y\in R\right)\)

Ta có \(S=3x+4y\)

Mà \(x\ge-2;y\ge-1\Leftrightarrow S\ge3\cdot\left(-2\right)+4\cdot\left(-1\right)=-6-4=-10\)

Vậy GTNN của S là \(-10\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-2\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

Lời giải:

ĐKĐB $\Leftrightarrow (x^2-2x+1)+(y^2-4y+4)-9=0$

$\Leftrightarrow (x-1)^2+(y-2)^2-9=0$

$\Rightarrow (x-1)^2=9-(y-2)^2\leq 9$

$\Rightarrow -3\leq x-1\leq 3$

$\Leftrightarrow -2\leq x\leq 4$

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Đặt $x-1=a; y-2=b$ thì bài toán trở thành:
Cho $a,b$ thực thỏa mãn $a^2+b^2=9$

Tìm min $S=3a+4b+11$

Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:

$(3a+4b)^2\leq (a^2+b^2)(3^2+4^2)=9.25$

$\Rightarrow -15\leq 3a+4b\leq 15$

$\Rightarrow 3a+4b\geq -15$

$\Rightarrow S=3a+4b+11\geq -4$

Vậy $S_{\min}=-4$ khi $x=\frac{-4}{5}; y=\frac{-1}{5}$

Đẳng thức: \(5x^2+5y^2+8xy-2x+2y+2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(4x^2+8xy+4y^2\right)+\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(y^2+2y+1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+2y\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0\\x-1=0\\y+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

Thay vào \(M=\left(x+y\right)^{2007}+\left(x-2\right)^{2008}+\left(y+1\right)^{2009}\) ta được:

\(M=\left(1-1\right)^{2007}+\left(1-2\right)^{2008}+\left(-1+1\right)^{2009}=\left(-1\right)^{2008}=1\)

Ta có:

\(5x^2+5y^2+8xy-2x+2y+2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+4x^2+y^2+4y^2+8xy-2x+2y+1+1=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(y^2+2y+1\right)+\left(4x^2+8xy+4y^2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2+\left(2x+2y\right)^2=0\)  

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2+4\left(x+y\right)^2=0\)

Mà: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\\\left(y+1\right)^2\ge0\\4\left(x+y\right)^2\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2+4\left(x+y\right)^2\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\y+1=0\\x+y=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-1\\x=-y\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\) 

Thay giá trị x và y vào M ta có:

\(M=\left(x+y\right)^{2007}+\left(x-2\right)^{2008}+\left(y+1\right)^{2009}\)

\(M=\left(1-1\right)^{2007}+\left(1-2\right)^{2008}+\left(-1+1\right)^{2009}\)

\(M=0^{2007}+\left(-1\right)^{2008}+0^{2009}\)
\(M=\left(-1\right)^{2008}\)

\(M=1\)

\(5x^2+5y^2+8xy-2x+2y+2=0\)

=>\(4x^2+8xy+4y^2+x^2-2x+1+y^2+2y+1=0\)

=>\(4\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2=0\)

=>x=1 và y=-1

\(M=\left(1-1\right)^{2023}+\left(1-2\right)^{2024}+\left(-1+1\right)^{2025}=1\)