\(x^2+y^2-2x-4y-4=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2-9=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2=9=0^2+3^2=0^2+\left(-3\right)^2\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\y-2=3\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=3\\y-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\y-2=-3\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=-3\\y-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=5\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-2\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow-2\le x\le4\left(y\in R\right)\)
Ta có \(S=3x+4y\)
Mà \(x\ge-2;y\ge-1\Leftrightarrow S\ge3\cdot\left(-2\right)+4\cdot\left(-1\right)=-6-4=-10\)
Vậy GTNN của S là \(-10\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-2\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Lời giải:
ĐKĐB $\Leftrightarrow (x^2-2x+1)+(y^2-4y+4)-9=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (x-1)^2+(y-2)^2-9=0$
$\Rightarrow (x-1)^2=9-(y-2)^2\leq 9$
$\Rightarrow -3\leq x-1\leq 3$
$\Leftrightarrow -2\leq x\leq 4$
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Đặt $x-1=a; y-2=b$ thì bài toán trở thành:
Cho $a,b$ thực thỏa mãn $a^2+b^2=9$
Tìm min $S=3a+4b+11$
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
$(3a+4b)^2\leq (a^2+b^2)(3^2+4^2)=9.25$
$\Rightarrow -15\leq 3a+4b\leq 15$
$\Rightarrow 3a+4b\geq -15$
$\Rightarrow S=3a+4b+11\geq -4$
Vậy $S_{\min}=-4$ khi $x=\frac{-4}{5}; y=\frac{-1}{5}$
